Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written. Concept introduction: Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergoes addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general tertiary carbocation are more reactive than primary carbocation. For example, electrophilic addition mechanistic pathway when HBr adds to polar 1 -hexene is illustrated below.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10.5, Problem 15E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction: Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergoes addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general tertiary carbocation are more reactive than primary carbocation. For example, electrophilic addition mechanistic pathway when HBr adds to polar 1-hexene is illustrated below.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergo addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general, tertiarycarbocations are more reactive than primary carbocations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:In first step of addition of HBr , it undergoes cleavage and this generates acidic proton. This proton is added at one of the olefinic carbons to form a carbocation intermediate. In step 2, the secondary carbocation is attacked by bromide ion at electron-deficient site to form Markovnikov’s product.

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1. Provide a step-by-step mechanism for formation of ALL STEREOISOMERS in the following reaction. Na HCO3 (Sodium bicarbonate, baking soda) is not soluble in CH2Cl2. The powder is a weak base used to neutralize strong acid (pKa < 0) produced by the reaction. Redraw the product to show the configuration(s) that form at C-2 and C-4. Br2 OH CH2Cl2 Na* HCO3 Br HO OH + Na Br +

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10.5, Problem 15E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction: Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergoes addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general tertiary carbocation are more reactive than primary carbocation. For example, electrophilic addition mechanistic pathway when HBr adds to polar 1-hexene is illustrated below.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergo addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general, tertiarycarbocations are more reactive than primary carbocations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:In first step of addition of HBr , it undergoes cleavage and this generates acidic proton. This proton is added at one of the olefinic carbons to form a carbocation intermediate. In step 2, the secondary carbocation is attacked by bromide ion at electron-deficient site to form Markovnikov’s product.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10.5, Problem 15E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction: Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergoes addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general tertiary carbocation are more reactive than primary carbocation. For example, electrophilic addition mechanistic pathway when HBr adds to polar 1-hexene is illustrated below.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergo addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general, tertiarycarbocations are more reactive than primary carbocations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:In first step of addition of HBr , it undergoes cleavage and this generates acidic proton. This proton is added at one of the olefinic carbons to form a carbocation intermediate. In step 2, the secondary carbocation is attacked by bromide ion at electron-deficient site to form Markovnikov’s product.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10.5, Problem 15E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction: Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergoes addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general tertiary carbocation are more reactive than primary carbocation. For example, electrophilic addition mechanistic pathway when HBr adds to polar 1-hexene is illustrated below.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergo addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general, tertiarycarbocations are more reactive than primary carbocations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:In first step of addition of HBr , it undergoes cleavage and this generates acidic proton. This proton is added at one of the olefinic carbons to form a carbocation intermediate. In step 2, the secondary carbocation is attacked by bromide ion at electron-deficient site to form Markovnikov’s product.

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Answer 5

Chapter 10.5, Problem 15E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction: Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergoes addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general tertiary carbocation are more reactive than primary carbocation. For example, electrophilic addition mechanistic pathway when HBr adds to polar 1-hexene is illustrated below.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergo addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general, tertiarycarbocations are more reactive than primary carbocations.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:In first step of addition of HBr , it undergoes cleavage and this generates acidic proton. This proton is added at one of the olefinic carbons to form a carbocation intermediate. In step 2, the secondary carbocation is attacked by bromide ion at electron-deficient site to form Markovnikov’s product.

Answer 6

Chapter 10.5, Problem 15E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction: Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergoes addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general tertiary carbocation are more reactive than primary carbocation. For example, electrophilic addition mechanistic pathway when HBr adds to polar 1-hexene is illustrated below.

Answer 7

Chapter 10.5, Problem 15E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction: Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergoes addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general tertiary carbocation are more reactive than primary carbocation. For example, electrophilic addition mechanistic pathway when HBr adds to polar 1-hexene is illustrated below.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergo addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general, tertiarycarbocations are more reactive than primary carbocations.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:Alkenes are considered electron rich and undergo addition reaction in presence of electrophilic halo acids. The product formed is governed by Markovnikov’s Rule. Rule suggests that negative part of halo acid HX must go to the carbon that has more alkyl substituents or less H atoms. In general, tertiarycarbocations are more reactive than primary carbocations.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:In first step of addition of HBr , it undergoes cleavage and this generates acidic proton. This proton is added at one of the olefinic carbons to form a carbocation intermediate. In step 2, the secondary carbocation is attacked by bromide ion at electron-deficient site to form Markovnikov’s product.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated should be written.

Concept introduction:In first step of addition of HBr , it undergoes cleavage and this generates acidic proton. This proton is added at one of the olefinic carbons to form a carbocation intermediate. In step 2, the secondary carbocation is attacked by bromide ion at electron-deficient site to form Markovnikov’s product.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 1E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 2E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 3E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 4E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 5E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 6E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 7E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 8E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 9E Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 10E

Solution Summary: The author illustrates the structure of the major product expected from the ionic addition of HBr to the substrate indicated.

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