Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 10, Problem 4RQ
Summary Introduction

To review:

Definitions of the following terminologies:

(a) Stator

(b) Rotor

(c) Torque

(d) ATP synthase

(e) Respiratory control

Introduction:

The early electron microscopic evaluations of the mitochondriashowed that there are many lollipop-shaped structuresthat are embedded into the internal membrane of the mitochondria. It was revealed that every lollipop is a proton translocating the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthase.

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One prominent theory on life origins was that RNA enzymes came into existence early inthe prebiotic history of Earth and were able to do basic chemical catalyses. Eventually,this “RNA-world” was overtaken by the stability of DNA as an information carrier and thediversity of catalytic functions capable of being performed by polypeptides. Is the RNA world hypothesis is a well-founded model?
The AG" of hydrolysis (ATP + H2O --> ADP + Pi) is -31.0 kJ/mol. Answer the following questions assuming that the steady-state concentrations in the cell are as indicated below. (Note: Steady-state refers to a non-equilibrium situation that exists due to a balance between reactions that supply and remove these substances.) [ADP] = 0.40 mM, [ATP] = 4.0 mM, and [Pi] = 40.0 mM a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction. b) What would the AG' for ATP hydrolysis be in the cell? c) Is this reaction at equilibrium in the cell? Briefly explain your answer.
5) Theoretically, ATP did not have to become our bodies' main energy currency. Two alternative carriers, acetyl phosphate and S-adenosylmethionine could have been utilized, rather than ATP. AG" for acetyl phosphate hydrolysis is -43.3 kJ/mol and AG" for S- adenosylmethionine hydrolysis is -25.6 kJ/mol. (a) Calculate the weight of each alternative energy carrier that would need to be consumed by humans on a 2000 calorie per day diet if our bodies could not recycle it. Assume a 50% absorption of energy from our diet. (b) If our bodies contain 25g of each alternative energy carrier and they CAN be recycled, how many times would each molecule of each energy carrier need to be recycled? (c) Comment on the special properties of ATP and why it is unlikely that these alternative carriers would be utilized biologically.
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