Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 25P
Experimental evidence demonstrates that the nucleosomes present in a cell after the completion of S phase are composed of some “old” histone dimers and some newly synthesized histone dimers. Describe the general design for an experiment that uses a protein label such as
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An article entitled “Nucleosome Positioning at the Replication Fork” states: “both the ‘old’ randomly segregated nucleosomes as well as the ‘new’ assembled histone octamers rapidly position themselves (within seconds) on the newly replicated DNA strands” [Lucchini et al. (2002)]. Given this statement, how would one compare the distribution of nucleosomes and DNA in newly replicated chromatin? How could one experimentally test the distribution of nucleosomes on newly replicated chromosomes?
An old genetic observation is that a normally active gene will be silenced if it is moved by transposition or crossing over from an uncondensed (euchromatic) region to a heavily condensed (heterochromatic) region of a chromosome. Assume the euchromatic chromatin containing the active gene is surrounded by heterochromatic chromatin immediately after insertion. Please explain in terms of the control of histone modification why the normally active gene is silenced when it becomes surrounded by condensed regions. (Do not explain how histone modification causes chromatin condensation.)
You have discovered a new species of plant. You isolate chromatin from the plant and examines it with
the electron microscope and see characteristic beads on a string structure. After addition of a small
amount of nuclease, which cleaves the string into individual beads that each contain 280 bp of DNA.
With more digestion a 120-bp fragment of DNA remains attached to a core of histone protein. Analysis
of the histone core reveals histones in the following proportions:
H2A 33.3%
H2B 33.3%
H3 0% [no histone H3 found]
H4 33.3%
Based on these observations, what conclusions can you make about the probable structure of
the nucleosome in the chromatin of this plant?
Be specific in describing the nature of the nucleosome: which histones form the core (),
how many of each are present () and size in bp of core-DNA that envelopes it ().
Chapter 10 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 10 - 10.1 Give descriptions for the following...Ch. 10 - 10.2 The human genome contains contains base...Ch. 10 - In eukaryotic DNA, Where are you most likely to...Ch. 10 - 10.4 Describe the importance of light and dark G...Ch. 10 - Human late prophase karyotypes have about 2000...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6PCh. 10 - From the following list, identify the types...Ch. 10 - 10.8 If the haploid number for a plant species is...Ch. 10 - Mating between a male donkey (2n=64) and a female...Ch. 10 - A researcher interested in studying a human gene...
Ch. 10 - 10.11 In what way does position effect variegation...Ch. 10 - 10.12 A pair of homologous chromosomes in...Ch. 10 - 10.13 An animal heterozygous for a reciprocal...Ch. 10 - Dr. Ara B. Dopsis has an idea he thinks will be a...Ch. 10 - A normal chromosome and its homolog carrying a...Ch. 10 - The accompanying chromosome diagram represents a...Ch. 10 - 10.17 Histone protein isolated from pea plants...Ch. 10 - 10.18 A survey of organisms living deep in the...Ch. 10 - In humans that XX/XO mosaics, the phenotype is...Ch. 10 - 10.20 A plant breeder would like to develop the...Ch. 10 - In Drosophilia, seven partial deletion (1to7)...Ch. 10 - Two experimental varieties of strawberry are...Ch. 10 - 10.23 In the tomato, Solanum esculentum, tall ()...Ch. 10 - A boy with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) has 46...Ch. 10 - Experimental evidence demonstrates that the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 26PCh. 10 - Genomic DNA from the nematode worm...Ch. 10 - 10.28 A small population of deer living on an...Ch. 10 - A eukaryote with a diploid number of 2n=6 carries...Ch. 10 - Prob. 30PCh. 10 - For the following crosses, determine as accurately...Ch. 10 - A healthy couple with a history of three previous...
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- A cell is homozygous for a LOF mutation in the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) gene. Which of the following is/are true? a. Chromatin in the cell will be more condensed than usual, decreasing expression of genes that should be expressed. b. This will lead to histones with more positive charges on their tails, increasing the interaction between histones and the DNA backbone. c. This will lead to a decrease in DNA methylation and therefore cause an increase in gene expression. d. Chromatin in the cell will be less condensed than usual, increasing expression of genes that should not be expressed.arrow_forwardMammals contain a diploid genome consisting of at least 109 bp. If this amount of DNA is present as chromatin fibers, where each group of 200 bp of DNA is combined with 9 histones into a nucleosome and each group of 6 nucleosomes is combined into a solenoid, achieving a final packing ratio of 50, determine (a) the total number of nucleosomes in all fibers, (b) the total number of histone molecules combined with DNA in the diploid genome, and (c) the combined length of all fibers.arrow_forwardThe picture below depicts electron micrographs of the major levels of chromatin structure. Match each of the listed conditions with the most likely levels of chromatin structure under that condition.arrow_forward
- Assuming that the histone octamer forms a cylinder 9 nm in diameter and 5 nm in height and that the human genome forms 32 million nucleosomes, what volume of the nucleus (6 μm in diameter) is occupied by histone octamers?arrow_forwardWhat is the diameter of a nucleosome?arrow_forwardDescribe the basic structure of a nucleosome. What is the role of histone H1?arrow_forward
- All of the following statements regarding nucleosomes are true EXCEPT A each bead-like structure contains 8 molecules of histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 the bead like structures are made up of core histones wrapped around by the DNA strands the histone proteins in the nucleosomes contain positively charged amino acids that interact with the negatively charged DNA D the bead like structures are linked to each other by the DNA chainarrow_forwardTo hold bacterial DNA in a more compact configuration, specificproteins must bind to the DNA and stabilize its conformation.Several different proteins are involved in this process. Some of theseproteins, such as H-NS, have been referred as histone-like, due totheir functional similarity to the histone proteins found in eukaryotes.Based on your knowledge of eukaryotic histone proteins, whatbiochemical properties would you expect bacterial histone-likeproteins to have?arrow_forwardHuman Chromosome 22 (48 × 106 nucleotide pairs in length) has about 700 protein-coding genes, which average 19,000 nucleotide pairs in length and contain an average of 5.4 exons, each of which averages 266 nucleotide pairs. What fraction of the average protein-coding gene is converted into mRNA? What fraction of the chromosome do these genes occupy?arrow_forward
- 11.11arrow_forwardCalculate the number of histones to be transported per second per nuclear pore complex in cells which contain 3000 nuclear pores assuming 32 million histone octamers are required.arrow_forwardassuming a spacing of approxiametly 200 base pairs per nucleosome, how many molecules of histone H4 are present in one somatic human cell?arrow_forward
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