(a) Interpretation: The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent. Concept introduction: The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Question

A block of zinc has an initial temperature of 94.2 degrees celcius and is immererd in 105 g of water at 21.90 degrees celcius. At thermal equilibrium, the final temperature is 25.20 degrees celcius. What is the mass of the zinc block? Cs(Zn) = 0.390 J/gxdegrees celcius Cs(H2O) = 4.18 J/gx degrees celcus

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.33P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The indicated hydrogen atoms and carbon -2 and carbon -4 are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

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A block of zinc has an initial temperature of 94.2 degrees celcius and is immererd in 105 g of water at 21.90 degrees celcius. At thermal equilibrium, the final temperature is 25.20 degrees celcius. What is the mass of the zinc block? Cs(Zn) = 0.390 J/gxdegrees celcius Cs(H2O) = 4.18 J/gx degrees celcus

Potential Energy (kJ) 1. Consider these three reactions as the elementary steps in the mechanism for a chemical reaction. AH = -950 kJ AH = 575 kJ (i) Cl₂ (g) + Pt (s) 2C1 (g) + Pt (s) Ea = 1550 kJ (ii) Cl (g)+ CO (g) + Pt (s) → CICO (g) + Pt (s) (iii) Cl (g) + CICO (g) → Cl₂CO (g) Ea = 2240 kJ Ea = 2350 kJ AH = -825 kJ 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 a. Draw the potential energy diagram for the reaction. Label the data points for clarity. The potential energy of the reactants is 600 kJ 800 600 400 200 0 -200- -400 -600- -800- Reaction Progress

Can u help me figure out the reaction mechanisms for these, idk where to even start

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.33P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The indicated hydrogen atoms and carbon -2 and carbon -4 are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.33P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The indicated hydrogen atoms and carbon -2 and carbon -4 are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.33P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The indicated hydrogen atoms and carbon -2 and carbon -4 are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

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Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 10.33P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The indicated hydrogen atoms and carbon -2 and carbon -4 are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 10.33P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 10.33P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The indicated hydrogen atoms and carbon -2 and carbon -4 are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The indicated hydrogen atoms and carbon -2 and carbon -4 are constitutionally equilvalent or non-equivalent is to be identified. The indicated groups are to be classified as homotopic, enantiotopic, or diastereotopic when they are constitutionally equivalent.

Concept introduction:

The groups which are chemically nondistinguishable are termed as constitutionally equivalent. The groups which are chemically distinguishable are termed as constitutionally nonequivalent. The constitutionally equivalent groups can be further divided into three categories homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic.

Answer 18

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Answer 29

Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.1P Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.2P Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.3P Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.4P Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.5P Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.6P Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.7P Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.8P Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.9P Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the indicated groups are constitutionally equivalent or non-equivalent.

Concept explainers

Chapter 10 Solutions