An overhead 25-m-long, uninsulated industrial steampipe of 100-mm diameter is routed through a buildingwhose walls and air are at 25°C. Pressurized steammaintains a pipe surface temperature of 150°C, and thecoefficient associated with natural Convection is
(a) What is the rate of heat loss from the steam line?
(b) If the steam is generated in a gas-fired boiler operating at an efficiency of
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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- 3.10 A spherical shell satellite (3-m-OD, 1.25-cm-thick stainless steel walls) re-enters the atmosphere from outer space. If its original temperature is 38°C, the effective average temperature of the atmosphere is 1093°C, and the effective heat transfer coefficient is , estimate the temperature of the shell after reentry, assuming the time of reentry is 10 min and the interior of the shell is evacuated.arrow_forwardThermal jackets are typically put on cryogenicstorage tanks to minimize the heat transfer gainsfrom the surroundings. Consider a cylindercontainer that is 1.5 m long made from steel (k = 750W/m.K) with an inner diameter of 0.5 m and outerdiameter of 0.7 m. If the liquefied natural gas (LNG)inside the cylinder is maintained at 90 K, ambientconditions are Tamb = 20 °C, h = 7 W/m2.K. What isthe required thermal jacket thickness to maintainthe outer temperature of that jacket of 15 °C? (Takea thermal conductivity of the insulation to be kins =0.015 W/m.K). Image credit: Okorder. Image forillustrative purposes only.arrow_forwardPlease fats. The answer in the box is incorrectarrow_forward
- A food product with 80% moisture content in a 5 cm diameter can wants to be frozen. The density of the product is 1000 kg / m cubic, the thermal conductivity is 1.0 W / (m K), and the initial freezing temperature is -1.75 ° C. After 10 hours in -25 ° C freezing medium, the product temperature becomes -10 ° C. Estimate the convection heat transfer coefficient of the freezing medium. Assume the can as an infinite cylinderarrow_forwardA steel sphere (AISI 1010), 100 mm in diameter, is coated with a dielectric material layer of thickness 1.75 mm and thermal conductivity 0.04 W/m.K. The coated sphere is initially at a uniform temperature of 500°C and is suddenly quenched in a large oil bath for which T = 100°C and h = 3000 W/m².K. Estimate the time, in h, required for the coated sphere temperature to reach 150°C. Hint: Neglect the effect of energy storage in the dielectric material, since its thermal capacitance (pc)is small compared to that of the steel sphere. t = harrow_forwardA silicon chip is encapsulated so that, under steady-state conditions, all the power dissipated by it is transferred by convection for a fluid current with h=1000 W/(m2.K) and Tꚙ=25oC. An aluminum plate (k=237 W/(mK)), 2 mm thick, is placed on the chip surface, the contact resistance on the chip/aluminum interface is 0.5x10-4 (m2.K)/W. If the chip area is 100 mm2 and the maximum allowable temperature is 85 oC, what is the maximum allowable power dissipation on the chip?arrow_forward
- Small potato balls of 0.5 cm radius (can be approximated as a sphere) baked in the oven and initially at a uniform temperature of 160°C. Assume, potatoes have a density of 650 kg/m³, specific heat of 3400 J/kgK and conductivity of 1 W/mK. You want to eat potatoes quickly without burning your tongue so that you have decided to cool them down with forced convection. Air h, T. hot potato initially Air temperature is 20'C and the convective heat transfer coefficient is 140 W/m²K. Calculate the time (in seconds) required for its surface temperature to drop 90°C. Round the value you calculated and write it as an integer!! For example, if you find 8.2, write is as 8. Answer:arrow_forwardH.W. Q1: Consider a hot automotive engine, which can be approximated as 0.40m wide, and 0.8m long rectangular block. The bottom surface of the block is at a temperature of 80°C and has an emissivity of 0.95. The ambient air is at 20°C, and the road surface is at 25°C. Determine the rate of heat transfer from the bottom surface of the engine block by convection and radiation as the car travels at a velocity of 80 km/h. Assume, the flow to be turbulent over the entire surface because of the constant agitation of the engine block. k = 0.02735 W/m.°C v=1.798×10* m²/s Air properties at Tf= 50 °C: Pr = 0.7228 Answer: Qcony = 1363 W, Qrad = 132 W, Qotal = 1495 w Hint: Use the correlations (equations) of average Reynold number (ReL). L = 0.8 m Engine block Air V, = 80 km/h T. = 20°C T; = 80°C ɛ = 0.95arrow_forwardProblem: Convection related Water enters a tube at 27°C with a flow rate of 450 kg/h. The rate of heat transfer from the tube wall to the fluid is given as qs′(W/m)=ax, where the coefficient a is 20 W/m^2 and x(m) is the axial distance from the tube entrance. (a) Beginning with a properly defined differential control volume in the tube, derive an expression for the temperature distribution Tm(x) of the water. (b) What is the outlet temperature of the water for a heated section 30 m long? (c) Sketch the mean fluid temperature, Tm(x), and the tube wall temperature, Ts(x), as a function of distance along the tube for fully developed and developing flow conditions.arrow_forward
- heat and mass transfer An uninsulated steam pipe of 100-mm diameter is routed through a building whose walls and air are at 27°C. Pressurized steam maintains a pipe surface temperature of 147°C, and the coefficient associated with natural convection is h =10 W/m2.K. The surface emissivity is ɛ= 0.8. What is the rate of heat loss per unit length from the steam line?arrow_forwardA copper sphere with density 8900 kg/m3, radius 5.00 cm,and emissivity e = 1.00 sits on an insulated stand. The initial temperatureof the sphere is 300 K. The surroundings are very cold, so the rateof absorption of heat by the sphere can be neglected. (a) How long doesit take the sphere to cool by 1.00 K due to its radiation of heat energy?Neglect the change in heat current as the temperature decreases. (b) Toassess the accuracy of the approximation used in part (a), what is thefractional change in the heat current H when the temperaturechangesfrom 300 K to 299 K?arrow_forward19 mm diameter steel balls are quenched by heating to 989 K followed by slow cooling to 400 K in an environment with air at T∞ = 325 K and h = 39 W/m2.K. Assuming that the steel properties are k = 40 W/m.K, ρ = 7800 kg/m3 and C = 600 J/kg.K, estimate the time (in "minutes") required for the cooling process. Bolas de aço com 19 mm de diâmetro são temperadas pelo aquecimento a 989 K seguido pelo resfriamento lento até 400 K em um ambiente com ar a T∞ = 325 K e h = 39 W/m2.K. Admitindo que as propriedades do aço sejam k = 40 W/m.K, ρ = 7800 kg/m3 e C = 600 J/kg.K, estime o tempo (em "minutos") necessário para o processo de resfriamento.arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning