Concept explainers
Scenes A-D represent atomic-scale views of different samples of substances:
- Under one set of conditions, the substances in A and B mix, and the result is depicted in C. Does this represent a chemical or a physical change?
- Under a second set of conditions, the same substances mix, and the result is depicted in D. Does this represent a chemical or a physical change?
- Under a third set of conditions, the same substances mix, and the result is depicted in D. Does this represent a chemical or a physical change?
- After the change in part(c) has occurred, does the sample have different chemical properties? Physical properties?
a)
Interpretation: Whether combination of A and B to form C is physical or chemical change should be determined.
Concept introduction: Changes can be classified as physical and chemical changes. Physical changes are such changes that allow change of state of matter only but not formation of new substances. Reversal of such changes is possible by physical methods.
Chemical changes allow formation of new and different substances from original substances via chemical reactions. These cannot be reversed back to original state by any method.
Explanation of Solution
Substances that are present in A and B have completely different properties than those formed in C. So when A and B are mixed to form C, it refers to chemical change.
b)
Interpretation: Whether combination of A and B to form D is physical or chemical change should be determined.
Concept introduction:Changes can be classified as physical and chemical changes. Physical changes are such changes that allow change of state of matter only but not formation of new substances. Reversal of such changes is possible by physical methods.
Chemical changes allow formation of new and different substances from original substances via chemical reactions. These cannot be reversed back to original state by any method.
Explanation of Solution
Substances that are present in A and B have completely different properties than those formed in D. So when A and B are mixed to form D, a completely different substance is formed. Therefore combination of A and B to form D is chemical change.
c)
Interpretation: Whether conversion of C to D is physical or chemical change should be determined.
Concept introduction: Changes can be classified as physical and chemical changes. Physical changes are such changes that allow change of state of matter only but not formation of new substances. Reversal of such changes is possible by physical methods.
Chemical changes allow formation of new and different substances from original substances via chemical reactions. These cannot be reversed back to original state by any method.
Explanation of Solution
When sample in C is converted to D, there occurs difference in arrangement of particles only while substances remain same. Therefore it is physical change.
d)
Interpretation: Whether conversion of C to D is physical or chemical change should be determined.
Concept introduction: Changes can be classified as physical and chemical changes. Physical changes are such changes that allow change of state of matter only but not formation of new substances. Reversal of such changes is possible by physical methods.
Chemical changes allow formation of new and different substances from original substances via chemical reactions. These cannot be reversed back to original state by any method.
Explanation of Solution
When sample in C is converted to D, only arrangement of particles is changed while substances remain same. Therefore it is physical change and physical properties are changed in conversion of C to D.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 1 Solutions
Principles of General Chemistry
- From the information given, classify each of the pure substances A through D as elements or compounds, or indicate that no such classification is possible because of insufficient information. a. Substance A cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. b. Substance B cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means. c. Substance C readily dissolves in water. d. Substance D readily reacts with the element chlorine.arrow_forwardIn each case, decide if the change is a chemical or physical change. (a) A cup of household bleach changes the color of your favorite T-shirt from purple to pink. (b) Water vapor in your exhaled breath condenses in the air on a cold day. (c) Plants use carbon dioxide from the air to make sugar. (d) Butter melts when placed in the Sun.arrow_forwardWhich of the following represent physical properties or changes, and which represent chemical properties or changes? You curl your hair with a curling iron. You curl your hair by getting a “permanent wave” at the hair salon. Ice on your sidewalk melts when you put salt on it. A glass of water evaporates overnight when it is left on the bedside table. Your steak chars if the skillet is too hot. Alcohol feels cool when it is spilled on the skin. Alcohol ignites when a flame is brought near it. Baking powder causes biscuits to rise.arrow_forward
- All of the following processes involve a separation of either a mixture into substances or a compound into elements. For each, decide whether a physical process or a chemical reaction is required. a Sodium metal is obtained from the substance sodium chloride. b Iron filings are separated from sand by using a magnet. c Sugar crystals are separated from a sugar syrup by evaporation of water. d Fine crystals of silver chloride are separated from a suspension of the crystals in water. e Copper is produced when zinc metal is placed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate, a compound.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are chemical changes? Which are physical changes? a. the cutting of food b. interaction of food with saliva and digestive enzymes c. proteins being broken down into amino acids d. complex sugars being broken down into simple sugars e. making maple syrup by heating maple sap to remove water through evaporation f. DNA unwindingarrow_forward1f a piece of hard, white blackboard chalk is heated strongly in a flame, the mass of the piece of chalk will decrease, and eventually the chalk will crumble into a white dust. Does this change suggest that the chalk is composed of an element or a compound?arrow_forward
- A white, crystalline material that looks like table salt gives off a gas when heated under certain conditions. There is no change in the appearance of the solid that remains, but it does not taste the same as it did originally. Was the beginning material an element or a compound? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardYou receive a mixture of table salt and sand and have to separate the mixture into pure substances. Explain how you would carry out this task. Is your method based on physical or chemical properties? Explain.arrow_forward1.80 All molecules attract each other to some extent, and the attraction decreases as the distance between particles increases. Based on this idea, which state of matter would you expect has the strongest interactions between particles: solids, liquids, or gases?arrow_forward
- Paracelsus, a sixteenth-century alchemist and healer, adopted as his slogan: "The patients are your textbook, the sickbed is your study. Is this view consistent with using the scientific method?arrow_forwardYou can analyze for a copper compound in water using an instrument called a spectrophotometer. [A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument that measures the amount of light (of a given wavelength) that is absorbed by the solution] The amount of light absorbed at a given wavelength of light (A) depends directly on the mass of compound per liter of solution. To calibrate the spectrophotometer, you collect the following data: Plot the absorbance (A) against the mass of copper compound per liter (g/L), and find the slope (m) and intercept (b) (assuming that A is y and the amount in solution is x in the equation for a straight line, y = mx + b). What is the mass of copper compound in the solution in g/L and mg/mL when the absorbance is 0.635?arrow_forwardDistinguish precisely and in scientific terms the differences among items in the following groups. a Macroscopic matter, microscopic matter, particulate matter b Physical change, physical property, chemical change, chemical property c Gases, liquids, solids d Element, compound e Atom, molecule f Pure substance, mixture g Homogeneous matter, heterogeneous matter h Reactant, product i Exothermic change, endothermic change j Potential energy, Kinetic energyarrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning