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iii) Two of the regulatory networks (1-4) shown below are consistent with the results presented above. Which are they? (→ indicates a stimulatory or positive interaction; indicates a negative interaction). 1 2 X Z -X Y Y ➜X W 3 W Z WH 4 W X Z

iii) Two of the regulatory networks (1-4) shown below are consistent with the results presented above. Which are they? (→ indicates a stimulatory or positive interaction; indicates a negative interaction). 1 2 X Z -X Y Y ➜X W 3 W Z WH 4 W X Z

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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### Gene Interaction and Enzyme Synthesis **3b. Discovery in Gene W and Enzyme Synthesis** An additional gene, referred to as W, has been identified that influences the synthesis of enzymes 1 and 2. Specifically, mutant d exhibits a recessive mutation in gene W. #### Table 1: Genotype and Enzyme Activity Across Different Strains | **Strain** | **Genotype** | | **Enzyme Activity** | | |-------------|--------------|------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------------| | | W | X | Y | Z | **Without Fictamine** | **With Fictamine** | | | | | | | **1** | **2** | **1** | **2** | | **wild-type**| + | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | -- | -- | | **mutant a** | + | - | + | + | -- | -- | -- | -- | | **mutant b** | + | + | + | - | -- | ++ | -- | -- | | **mutant c** | + | + | - | + | ++ | -- | -- | -- | | **mutant d** | - | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - **Genotype indicators:** - "+" indicates the presence of the normal allele. - "-" indicates the presence of the mutant allele. - **Enzyme activity indicators:** - "++" indicates high enzyme activity. - "+" indicates moderate enzyme activity. - "--" indicates no enzyme activity. ### Explanation: This data illustrates the impact of various genotypes on the activity of enzymes both in the presence and absence of fictamine: - **Wild-type strain**: Exhibits high enzyme activity (++) for both enzymes without fictamine, but no activity (--) with fictamine. - **Mutant a**: Shows no activity (--) for both enzymes irrespective of the presence of fictamine. - **Mutant b**: Displays no activity (--) for enzyme 1 and high activity (++) for enzyme 2 without fictamine,
Transcribed Image Text:### Gene Interaction and Enzyme Synthesis **3b. Discovery in Gene W and Enzyme Synthesis** An additional gene, referred to as W, has been identified that influences the synthesis of enzymes 1 and 2. Specifically, mutant d exhibits a recessive mutation in gene W. #### Table 1: Genotype and Enzyme Activity Across Different Strains | **Strain** | **Genotype** | | **Enzyme Activity** | | |-------------|--------------|------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------------| | | W | X | Y | Z | **Without Fictamine** | **With Fictamine** | | | | | | | **1** | **2** | **1** | **2** | | **wild-type**| + | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | -- | -- | | **mutant a** | + | - | + | + | -- | -- | -- | -- | | **mutant b** | + | + | + | - | -- | ++ | -- | -- | | **mutant c** | + | + | - | + | ++ | -- | -- | -- | | **mutant d** | - | + | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - **Genotype indicators:** - "+" indicates the presence of the normal allele. - "-" indicates the presence of the mutant allele. - **Enzyme activity indicators:** - "++" indicates high enzyme activity. - "+" indicates moderate enzyme activity. - "--" indicates no enzyme activity. ### Explanation: This data illustrates the impact of various genotypes on the activity of enzymes both in the presence and absence of fictamine: - **Wild-type strain**: Exhibits high enzyme activity (++) for both enzymes without fictamine, but no activity (--) with fictamine. - **Mutant a**: Shows no activity (--) for both enzymes irrespective of the presence of fictamine. - **Mutant b**: Displays no activity (--) for enzyme 1 and high activity (++) for enzyme 2 without fictamine,
### Regulatory Networks and Their Interactions In this section, we analyze four different regulatory networks and determine which of them align with the results presented earlier. Let's delve into each network's diagram and the interactions they depict. **iii) Two of the regulatory networks (1-4) shown below are consistent with the results presented above. Which are they? (→ indicates a stimulatory or positive interaction; ─| indicates a negative interaction).** **Network 1:** - **W ─| X → Y → Z** - *Description:* W negatively interacts with X. X positively interacts with Y. Y positively interacts with Z. **Network 2:** - **W ─| X → Y ─| Z** - *Description:* W negatively interacts with X. X positively interacts with Y. Y negatively interacts with Z. **Network 3:** - **W → X → Y → Z** - *Description:* W positively interacts with X. X positively interacts with Y. Y positively interacts with Z. **Network 4:** - **W → X → Y → Z** - *Description:* W positively interacts with X. X positively interacts with Y. Y positively interacts with Z. This network appears to include an additional large loop, although it seems to represent the same sequence of positive interactions as Network 3. **Analysis of Interactions:** 1. **Network 1:** - *Key Characteristics:* It starts with a negative regulatory effect from W to X, then follows with two successive positive regulatory effects. 2. **Network 2:** - *Key Characteristics:* Similar to Network 1 initially, but introduces a negative regulatory effect from Y to Z. 3. **Network 3:** - *Key Characteristics:* All interactions are positive, creating a cascade of activation. 4. **Network 4:** - *Key Characteristics:* Similar to Network 3 with all positive interactions, but visually represented with an additional loop. **Questions to Consider:** - Which combinations of positive and negative interactions correspond to the results mentioned earlier (not shown in this text)? **Conclusion:** - To correctly identify the matching regulatory networks, further information on the presented results would be necessary. The key lies in understanding which patterns of activation and inhibition match the observed outcomes. Networks 3 and 4 present uniformly positive interactions, whereas Networks 1 and 2 present combinations of positive and negative interactions, aff
Transcribed Image Text:### Regulatory Networks and Their Interactions In this section, we analyze four different regulatory networks and determine which of them align with the results presented earlier. Let's delve into each network's diagram and the interactions they depict. **iii) Two of the regulatory networks (1-4) shown below are consistent with the results presented above. Which are they? (→ indicates a stimulatory or positive interaction; ─| indicates a negative interaction).** **Network 1:** - **W ─| X → Y → Z** - *Description:* W negatively interacts with X. X positively interacts with Y. Y positively interacts with Z. **Network 2:** - **W ─| X → Y ─| Z** - *Description:* W negatively interacts with X. X positively interacts with Y. Y negatively interacts with Z. **Network 3:** - **W → X → Y → Z** - *Description:* W positively interacts with X. X positively interacts with Y. Y positively interacts with Z. **Network 4:** - **W → X → Y → Z** - *Description:* W positively interacts with X. X positively interacts with Y. Y positively interacts with Z. This network appears to include an additional large loop, although it seems to represent the same sequence of positive interactions as Network 3. **Analysis of Interactions:** 1. **Network 1:** - *Key Characteristics:* It starts with a negative regulatory effect from W to X, then follows with two successive positive regulatory effects. 2. **Network 2:** - *Key Characteristics:* Similar to Network 1 initially, but introduces a negative regulatory effect from Y to Z. 3. **Network 3:** - *Key Characteristics:* All interactions are positive, creating a cascade of activation. 4. **Network 4:** - *Key Characteristics:* Similar to Network 3 with all positive interactions, but visually represented with an additional loop. **Questions to Consider:** - Which combinations of positive and negative interactions correspond to the results mentioned earlier (not shown in this text)? **Conclusion:** - To correctly identify the matching regulatory networks, further information on the presented results would be necessary. The key lies in understanding which patterns of activation and inhibition match the observed outcomes. Networks 3 and 4 present uniformly positive interactions, whereas Networks 1 and 2 present combinations of positive and negative interactions, aff
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