2) Anesthetic drugs C and D are currently being screened in rats. After an IV bolus injection, the drugs induce anesthetic effects with some notable differences. Drug C causes the rats to fall unconscious within 60 seconds, while drug D takes 5 minutes to induce anesthesia; however, both drugs exhibit a similar duration of effect, with the rats awakening 20-25 minutes after drug administration. a) What factors might explain the differences in onset time between the two drugs? Why do both drugs still have similar durations of effect? b) Which is preferred between the IV and oral routes of administration, even if drug D has a slow 5-minute induction of anesthesia? (Hint: compare their ADME kinetics) c) Hypothetically, if a higher dose of drug C were administered, would you expect the duration of anesthesia to increase proportionally, or would there likely be a ceiling effect? Explain your reasoning based on pharmacodynamic principles. d) What are 2 possible strategies that can be used to extend the 20-25 minute duration of anesthetic effect?
2) Anesthetic drugs C and D are currently being screened in rats. After an IV bolus injection, the drugs induce anesthetic effects with some notable differences. Drug C causes the rats to fall unconscious within 60 seconds, while drug D takes 5 minutes to induce anesthesia; however, both drugs exhibit a similar duration of effect, with the rats awakening 20-25 minutes after drug administration. a) What factors might explain the differences in onset time between the two drugs? Why do both drugs still have similar durations of effect? b) Which is preferred between the IV and oral routes of administration, even if drug D has a slow 5-minute induction of anesthesia? (Hint: compare their ADME kinetics) c) Hypothetically, if a higher dose of drug C were administered, would you expect the duration of anesthesia to increase proportionally, or would there likely be a ceiling effect? Explain your reasoning based on pharmacodynamic principles. d) What are 2 possible strategies that can be used to extend the 20-25 minute duration of anesthetic effect?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system, also called the locomotor system, is an organ system that gives humans and animals the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. It provides stability, form, support, and movement to the body. The skeleton is composed of bones (skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system is subdivided into two broad systems, such as the muscular system and the skeletal system.
Skeletal structure
The skeletal system is the core framework of the human body. The skeletal structure comprises bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The skeletal structure of our body acts as a support structure. It maintains the body's shape and is responsible for its movement, blood cell formation, protection of organs, and mineral storage. The skeletal system is referred to as the musculoskeletal system.
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Transcribed Image Text:2) Anesthetic drugs C and D are currently being screened in rats. After an IV bolus injection,
the drugs induce anesthetic effects with some notable differences. Drug C causes the rats
to fall unconscious within 60 seconds, while drug D takes 5 minutes to induce anesthesia;
however, both drugs exhibit a similar duration of effect, with the rats awakening 20-25
minutes after drug administration.
a) What factors might explain the differences in onset time between the two drugs? Why
do both drugs still have similar durations of effect?
b) Which is preferred between the IV and oral routes of administration, even if drug D has
a slow 5-minute induction of anesthesia? (Hint: compare their ADME kinetics)
c) Hypothetically, if a higher dose of drug C were administered, would you expect the
duration of anesthesia to increase proportionally, or would there likely be a ceiling effect?
Explain your reasoning based on pharmacodynamic principles.
d) What are 2 possible strategies that can be used to extend the 20-25 minute duration of
anesthetic effect?
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