4. Cells have an intracellular [Ca²+] = 0.1 µM. If cells hydrolyzed 1 mol of ATP understandard conditions (AGO ATP hydrolysis = -30.5 kJ/mol) for active transport, what is thetheoretical [Ca²+] outside of the cell against which this would not be enough energyto pump any additional Ca²+ ions? Assume the transmembrane potential is 50 mV,temp = 298 K, R = 0.008315 kJ/mol, and F = 96.5 kJ/V*mol.www.

Gibbs free energy change for the ion to move across the membrane (both chemical and electrical…

Answered: Cells have an intracellular [Ca²+] =…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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The transport system of lactose in E.coli is shown below: Lactose transporter H+ H+ Lactose (outside) H+ H+ H+ H+ Proton pump H* + ++ Lactose (inside) ADP + P, H* H+ ATP H* A) For each of the following statements determine if they are true (T) or false (F). • The primary active transport of H" via proton pump, establishes a proton gradient across the membrane. 1 Select ) • The intracellular pH is lower than the extracellular pH. [Select] - Lactose transporter is an example of antiport. Select] Transport of lactose against its concentration gradient is entirely dependent on inflow of H" down their electrochemical gradient. ISelect] B) What would happen with the transport of Lactose if an antimicrobial agent triclosan is added? Triclosan is a proton onophore. I Select]
Suppose that a plant cell membrane is permeable with Na*, CI ions and H20, but not with proteins. In addition, it is assumed that 0.05 M Nacl aqueous solution is present outside the cell membrane, and 0.001 M of protein (P) is present inside. The protein is ionized to p, z = 20, and the opposite ion is CI". From this, calculate the theft potential that occurs between the cell membrane and the external solution in equilibrium. Assume that the activity coefficient of all ions is 1.0.
Calculate ΔGinward. Is energy required for transport to happen? The internal pH of a lysosome= 4.0 and the pH of the cytosol is 7.0. For a cell at 25°C with a -40 mV lysosome membrane potential. What is the ΔGinward for the proton gradient into the lysosome?
Given a matrix pH of 7.8 and an inner mitochondrial membrane pH of 7.06, calculate the Nernst potential across the IMM in a lizard cell that is 27 degrees C.
During an investigation on membrane transport, a researcher exposed bacterial cells to different concentrations of two different solutes: A and B. The rate of transport of each solute into cells isrepresented in the graphSolute ASolute BSolute ConcentrationWhich of the following best explains the greater rate of transport for solute A than for solute B at higher solute concentrations?A Solute A is being transported by simple diffusion, which does not rely on membrane proteins to control the rate of transportSolute A is being transported by active transport, which uses ATP and has higher rates of transport than passive transportSolute A is being transported by facilitated diffusion, which uses membrane proteins to increase the rate of transportRate of Transport
The uptake of l-ascorbate (vitamin C) and its oxidized form, dehydro-l-ascorbic acid (DHAA), was evaluated in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from adult human small intestine. Ascorbate uptake was Na+-dependent and potential-sensitive (Km, 200 umol/L), whereas DHAA transport occurred through Na+-independent facilitated diffusion (Km, 800 µmol/L). If the Vmax of vitamin C import through channels is 401µmol/min/cm2, what import rate would you expect if the lumen contained 133 µmol/L of the version of vitamin C that moves through them?
V-class proton pumps run backward relative to the F-class ATP synthase. Consider the cartoon, which shows the conformations of the beta-subunits and ATPIADP + Pj of the F-class synthase. Which of the following associations between the conformation of the beta subunit and ATP/ADP + P¡ is correct for V- Binding Change Mechanism loose binding ADP+P ATP ATP class pumps? C repeat ADP + P, ADP АТР tight binding АТР +P оpen АТР O The open conformation releases ATP. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P¡ drives the change from tight to loose. O Binding of ADP + P¡ drives change from open to loose. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pj drives the change from open to loose.
K+ [Select] [Select] A Na+ Primary active transport is being shown by transporter [Select] which uses [Select] ATP [Select] B The transported molecules in this mechanism are being moved [Select] to move Glucose active transport is being shown by transporter [Select] which uses the gradient. Secondary to move against the gradient. When both the molecules move through a transporter in the same direction as in B, this type of transport is called antiport.
Lactose transporter of E. coli is a well-studied proton driven cotransporter. It transports one lactose molecule together with one proton into the cell. Calculate the free energy change for transporting one more of protons into the cell? Membrane potential is -50 mV (inside is negative) and the pH = 7.2 inside the cell and the pH = 4.0 outside the cell. Temperature is 37 degrees celsius (310K). Remeber to convert pH to (H+) and express your answer as kJ/mol.
b) If you soak an animal cell that is permeable to both water and glucose in either 5.5% glucose or 0.9% NaCl (both isosmotic solutions), the cell exposed to 5.5% glucose will gain water, while the cell exposed to 0.9% NaCl will not gain water. Predict why this is the case.
Even under isotonic conditions, there is a slow leakage of ions into animal cells. How does the plasma-membrane Na+/K+ ATPase enable animal cells to avoid osmotic lysis under isotonic conditions?
Plate A = filter paper dipped into 5% solution of unknown Dye A %3D Plate B = filter paper dipped into 5% solution of unknown Dye B Both plates were incubated at 37°C. At the end of the 60 minute incubation period the diffusion rings for each dye were measured. The diffusion ring for Dye A = 40 mm. The diffusion ring for Dye B = 24 mm %3D Based on the results, which dye had the higher molecular weight? Explain your answer.

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