Initial Extracellular fluid Solute Plasma membrane Cytoplasm В

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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In the figure below are several panels that illustrate the relative concentration of a particular solute on either side of a cell's plasma membrane. The top panel represents the INITIAL (or starting) scenario, and the lower panels represent different possible outcomes after time has passed. QUESTION: Which of the panels below represents a situation in which the concentration gradient of this solute has been minimized (reduced)? A B C D
The image depicts a series of diagrams illustrating the process of solute diffusion across a plasma membrane. There are five panels labeled "Initial," "A," "B," "C," and "D." 

1. **Initial Diagram:**
   - Shows a curved line representing the plasma membrane.
   - The left side is labeled "Cytoplasm," and the right side is labeled "Extracellular fluid." 
   - Numerous black dots, representing solute particles, are densely concentrated on the extracellular side and sparse on the cytoplasmic side.

2. **Diagram A:**
   - A similar curved plasma membrane is shown.
   - The solute concentration on the extracellular side is slightly decreasing, while the cytoplasmic side is showing a slight increase in solute particles compared to the initial state.

3. **Diagram B:**
   - The distribution of solute particles shows further movement.
   - The concentration on both sides is becoming more balanced, with more particles now visible in the cytoplasm.

4. **Diagram C:**
   - Indicates continued diffusion.
   - Solute particles are evenly distributed between the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm.

5. **Diagram D:**
   - Shows a state of equilibrium.
   - Solute particles are evenly distributed on both sides of the plasma membrane, indicating equal concentration.

This series of diagrams effectively demonstrates the concept of diffusion, where solute particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts a series of diagrams illustrating the process of solute diffusion across a plasma membrane. There are five panels labeled "Initial," "A," "B," "C," and "D." 1. **Initial Diagram:** - Shows a curved line representing the plasma membrane. - The left side is labeled "Cytoplasm," and the right side is labeled "Extracellular fluid." - Numerous black dots, representing solute particles, are densely concentrated on the extracellular side and sparse on the cytoplasmic side. 2. **Diagram A:** - A similar curved plasma membrane is shown. - The solute concentration on the extracellular side is slightly decreasing, while the cytoplasmic side is showing a slight increase in solute particles compared to the initial state. 3. **Diagram B:** - The distribution of solute particles shows further movement. - The concentration on both sides is becoming more balanced, with more particles now visible in the cytoplasm. 4. **Diagram C:** - Indicates continued diffusion. - Solute particles are evenly distributed between the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm. 5. **Diagram D:** - Shows a state of equilibrium. - Solute particles are evenly distributed on both sides of the plasma membrane, indicating equal concentration. This series of diagrams effectively demonstrates the concept of diffusion, where solute particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
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