Calculate the isoelectronic point, pl, from the pKa values for histidine, arginine and asparagine.
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- List the pyrimidine bases, the purine bases, and the base-pairing rules for DNA.A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X that degrades a subunit of the elF4F complex. Knowing that this virus transcribes its own mRNAs in the cytoplasm of human cells, why would Protein X be an effective virulence factor?Below is a sequence of 540 bases from a genome. What information would you use to find the beginnings and ends of open reading frames? How many open reading frames can you find in this sequence? Which open reading frame is likely to represent a protein- coding sequence, and why? Which are probably not functioning protein-coding sequences, and why? Note: for simplicitys sake, analyze only this one strand of the DNA double helix, reading from left to right, so you will only be analyzing three of the six reading frames shown in Figure 19.4.
- The following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this protein have been recovered. Using the normal and mutant sequences, determine the DNA and mRNA sequences that code for this portion of the protein, and explain each of the mutations. a. met-trp- b. met-cys-ile-val-val-leu-gln- c. met-trp-tyr-arg-ser-pro-thr- d. met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ala-val-ile-ser-pro-thr-b. Compounds A, B, C, and D are known to be intermediates in the pathway for production of protein E. To determine where the block in protein-E production occurred in each individual, the various intermediates were given to each individuals cel Is in culture. After a few weeks of growth with the intermediate, the cells were assayed for the production of protein E. The results for each individuals cells are given in the following table. A plus sign means that protein E was produced after the cells were given the intermediate listed at the top of the column. A minus sign means that the cells still could not produce protein E even after being exposed to the intermediate at the top of the column. Denote the point in the pathway in which each individual is blocked.a. Compounds A, B, C, and D are known to be intermediates in the pathway for production of protein E. To determine where the block in protein-E production occurred in each individual, the various intermediates were given to each individuals cel Is in culture. After a few weeks of growth with the intermediate, the cells were assayed for the production of protein E. The results for each individuals cells are given in the following table. A plus sign means that protein E was produced after the cells were given the intermediate listed at the top of the column. A minus sign means that the cells still could not produce protein E even after being exposed to the intermediate at the top of the column. Draw the pathway leading to the production of protein E.
- State the properties of the WatsonCrick model of DNA in the following categories: a. number of polynucleotide chains b. polarity (running in same direction or opposite directions) c. bases on interior or exterior of molecule d. sugar/phosphate on interior or exterior of molecule e. which bases pair with which f. right- or left-handed helixGive examples of the different classes of mutations that affect the base sequence of DNA in protein encoding genes and explain the effects that each has on the polypeptide produced.Consequences of the Wobble Hypothesis Point out why Cricks wobble hypothesis would allow fewer than 61 anticodons to be used to translate the 61 sense codons. How might wobble tend to accelerate the rate of translation?
- Helicase Unwinding of the E. coli Chromosome Hexameric helicases, such as DnaB, the MCM proteins, and papilloma virus El helicase (illustrated in Figures 16.22 to 16.25), unwind DNA by passing one strand of the DNA duplex through the central pore, using a mechanism based on ATP-dependent binding interactions with the bases of that strand. The genome of E. coli K12 consists of 4,686,137 nucleotides. Assuming that DnaB functions like papilloma virus El helicase, from the information given in Chapter 16 on ATP-coupled DNA unwinding, calculate how many molecules of ATP would be needed to completely unwind the E. coli K 12 chromosome.Quinolone antibiotics treat bacterial infections by blocking the activity of topoisomerase. Why does this treatment work? Explain what occurs at the molecular level.Contrast transcription and translation. Name at least three differences between the two processes.
