4. All the following statements concerning zero-order degradation are true except A) its rate is independent of the concentration B) its half-life is a changing parameter C) its concentration remains unchanged with respect to time D) the slope of a plot of concentration versus time yields a rate constant
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- 3. Which of the following statements is correct about column chromatography? a) Resolution improves as column length increases b) Mobile phase is a porous solid material kept in the column with appropriate chemical characteristics c) Stationary phase is a buffered solution that percolates through the mobile phase d) Large proteins exit the column faster than tiny proteins7. The concentration of drug molecule in aqueous solution drops by 10% per month when stored at room temperature. If the degradation occurs by first order, what concentration will remain if a 5 mg/mL solution of the drug is stored under these conditions for 3 months? | A) 0.35 mg/mL B) 3.6 mg/mL C) 0.4 mg/mL D) 4.0 mg/mL5. From the data in the table below, calculate the rate constant (k) for the degradation of the drug molecule. Pick the best answer for the rate constant. | % Drug Time (h) 93.4 1.38 85.2 3.0 75.9 6.0 A) 0.5/h B) -0.5/h C) 0.05/h D) -0.05/h 63.1 52.5 41.8 8.6 12 17
- 3. All the following statements about chemical degradation are true except | A) as temperature increases, degradation decreases B) chemical degradation may produce a toxic product C) chemical degradation may result in loss of active ingredients D) chemical degradation may affect the therapeutic activity of a drug product6. A solution made up of 500 mL of 50% dextrose, 500 mL of 8.5% Aminosyn, and 300mL of sterile water for injection is ordered. a) What is the total weight (in grams) of the dextrose? b) What is the total weight (in grams) of Aminosyn? c) 20 mEq of KCI are needed in the infusion above. How many mL of KCI should be added? Stock strength available: KCl 2 mEq/mL d) 22 mEq of NaCl are also needed in the infusion. What volume of NaCl should be added? Stock strength available: NaCl 4.4 mEq/mL e) What is the total volume of solution with the original fluids and the addition of KCI and NaCl?2. Discuss the procedure of Knott's Concentration technique. What are its advantages?
- Ch. 6: Water intoxication may be due to: O a) administration of too much hypotonic solution b) administration of too much hypertonic solution O c) administration of too much isotonic solution Od) encouraging your patient to consume fluids4. The enthalpy change of a chemical process depends only on the initial and final conditions, it is independent of the number of intermediate steps in the process. This sums up the ... a) Hess law b) heat additivity law c) law of the enthalpy of formation d) a and b e) a and c f) b and c 5. The reverse activation energy of a certain exothermic reaction is 50 kJ / mol. The direct activation energy of this reaction is: a) greater than 50 kJ / mol b) less than 50 kJ / mol c) 50 kJ / mol d) 0 kJ / mol 6. What is the overall reaction order for the next reaction. 2A + B – 2C + D v = k [A]• [B]* b) 4 c) 3 d) 2 e) 1 5432N1As a public health engieer you have been tasked wiyh designing a plug flow reactor for the disinfection of Giardia lamblia using either free chlorine and monochloramine. The objective is a three log reduction in the concentration of Giardia lamblia. The kinetics of chlorine decay can be described by a first order coefficient of 0.1 d-1. It is also given that the appropriate contact time, t10, equals the hydrualic residence time (HRT or td) of the plug flow reactor. Question: At a temperature of 5oC and a pH of 7.0, what is the volume of the PFR if the flowrate of the water to be disinfected is 1000 L/d for chlorine and monochloramine Disinfection data in the table below can be used.
- 2. Leaching is known as a heterogenous process. Describe what types of leaching processes can be identified. What are their main characteristics? What are the reaction steps? (a) (b) (c) (d) What are the factors that control the rates of the reaction steps. (e) Briefly explain the retardants effect on the reaction stepsa. Let’s say for example that a milk sample has 10,000 bacteria per milliliters. If 1 mL of this sample were plated out, these would theoretically be 10,000 colonies in the Petri plate. Discuss and explain the serial dilutions of this example. b. The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate 3 disinfectants. The results were as follows: Solution Zone of inhibition X 0 mm Y 5 mm Z 10 mm How would you interpret? Provide inference.). Consider a culture medium on which only gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus colonies can grow due to an elevated NaCl level. A yellow halo surrounds the growth, indicating the bacterium fermented sugar in the medium, decreasing the pH as a result and changing the color of a pH indicator chemical. This type of medium would be referred to as a(n): A) Selective medium. B) Differential medium. C) Enrichment culture. D) Selective and differential medium. E) Differential and enrichment culture.