How can drug-drug interactions occur at the level of signaling/second messenger pathways in pharmacology? Please include examples.
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How can drug-drug interactions occur at the level of signaling/second messenger pathways in pharmacology? Please include examples.
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- Discuss three types of drug-drug interactions, and explain the links to pharmacodynamics and/or pharmacokinetics, with examples. Give the mechanims.How does physicochemical properties of a drug define its biological mechanism? Please explain at your own words.Explain the physiological mechanisms behind how pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions can occur. Please include examples
- What are the potential implications of genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzymes on individual response and therapeutic outcomes in clinical pharmacology?Explain the ways in which pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions can occur. Please include examples.Choose (+) if the following circumstances or situations will most likely result to production of intrinsic activity; if otherwise, choose (-)
- how are multicompartment models different from single compartment models in pharmacology? Specifically, what do they mean for drug concentration/distribution? Do single compartment models mean that the drug distributes throughout the entire body quickly and evenly? Or does it mean that a drug only distributes into the "central" compartment and not peripheral tissues/fluids, making any decrease in plasma levels the result of elimination? Also, what is mean't by "central compartment" anyway?What are the various structures of drug regulation? Please answer at your own easy words. Answer should be to the point.Present the comparison of pharmacokinetics vs pharmacodynamics. Why the identification of different types of receptors is so important for drug’s pharmacodymics?
- What is the difference between generic and brand-name drugs? Discuss the differences between the two products.Biotransformation is an important concept in pharmacology, which amongst others, enables the effective administration of prodrugs. Provide a detailed description of factors influencing the biotransformation of drugs.What is an example of two drugs that produce a synergistic (also known as hyperadditive) effect? What is the concern about drugs that have synergistic effects? Note: you can describe the classes of drugs rather than using specific drug names.