Calculate the free energy changes at 20°C for the transmembrane movement of Na and K ions using the conditions presentedFigure 9.1. Assume the membrane potential is -70 mV. Use 3 significant figures.AG (Na) -AG (K) =kJ. mol ¹kJ mol2A Nato> K+Plasmamembrane40FIGURE 9.1 Distribution of Na' and K ions in an animal cell. The extracellular Na concentration (about 150 mM) is muchgreater than the intracellular concentration (about 12 mM), whereas the extracellular K concentration (about 4 mM) ismuch less than the intracellular concentration (about 140 mM). If the plasma membrane were completely permeable to ions,Na would flow into the cell down its concentration gradient (blue arrow) and K' would flow out of the cell down itsconcentration gradient (orange arrow).

Ions are distributed on either side of the cell membrane. The movement of ions across the membrane…

Answered: Calculate the free energy changes at…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Given a matrix pH of 7.8 and an inner mitochondrial membrane pH of 7.06, calculate the Nernst potential across the IMM in a lizard cell that is 27 degrees C.
In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na+ is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentration is 48 μM to a region where it is 110 mM? (Assume T=37∘C.) In the absence of a membrane potential.
3L9
A one-to-one protein (P)-ligand (L) complexation (P + L PL) has a dissociation equilibrium constant (Kd) value of 100 nM at 25°C, and the Kd remains the same at 37°C. 1) What is AS of binding at 25°C? Assume ACp of the binding is 0 over the temperature range. AS = 1.34E2 kJ/(mol*K) (note the unit!!) (sig. fig =3) 2) What is the concentration of the PL complex formed at equilibrium when you mix 0.20 uM (microM) of Protein and 1.0 uM of Ligand together at 37°C? PL at equilibrium = 8.1E-1 uM (note the unit!!) (sig. fig =2)
What is an average range of millivolt difference between resting membrane potential and threshold potential? 150-300mV 1-2mV 0.005-500mV 15-30mV
The following table shows experimental results of the glucose transport rate, mM/sec, following facilitated diffusion by glucose carrier proteins. (Recall: the starting conc. L represents glucose added to one side of the membrane; distilled water, omM of glucose was added to the other side of the membrane). The rate of glucose transport was 0.0031 mm/sec with 8mM of glucose (run number 4, highlighted); the rate decreased to 0.0017 mM/sec with 10mM of glucose (run 5, highlighted). Why was the rate of glucose transport slower when the concentration gradient was increased? Experiment Results Run Number Solute 1 1 2 2 3 33 4 4 5 6 6 Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Cl Glucose Start Conc. L Start Conc. R (MM) (mM) 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 Carriers 500 500 500 500 700 700 700 700 100 100 700 700 Rate (mm/sec) 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0010…
Explain why Na+ is low inside cells despite a large concentration gradient inward
19. 150 mCi of D2O is injected in your patient. 10% of D2O is excreted. The concentration of D2O in a plasma sample is found to be 0.4 mCi/100 ml. What is your patient' s Total Body Water in L? 20. the diffusion coefficient states that: A. the larger the molecular radius of the solute, the slower the rate of diffusion B. the more viscous the solution, the slower the rate of diffusion C. the smaller the molecular radius of the solute, the faster the rate of diffusion D. the more viscous the solution, the faster the rate of diffusion E. the larger the molecular radius of the solute, the faster the rate of diffusion 21 You are experimenting on diffusion rates in lab. Down the center of Beaker A is a semipermeable membrane. On one side of the membrane in Beaker A is a 100mM solution of CaCl2; on the other side is pure water.Down the center of Beaker B is a semipermeable membrane. On one side of the membrane in Beaker B is a 10mM solution…
In considering active transport by Na + -K + -ATPase at body temperature (37 o C), 3 Na+ are pumped out of the cell and 2 K + are pumped in for each ATP that is hydrolyzed to ADP + P i . Given that underyour experimental conditions, the DG for ATP hydrolysis is -10 kcal/mol, and that V is -60 mV, and that the pump maintains the internal Na + at 10mM, external Na + at 120 mM, internal K + at 120 mM and external K + at 8mM, what is the efficiency of the pump (i.e., what fraction of the energy available from ATP hydrolysis is required to drive transport at the provided levels)?
You have a semi permeable membrane with a membrane potential of -90mV. You also have two ions that are both permeable to the membrane, Na and Cl. Na has a concentration of 10mM inside the membrane and 120mM outside the membrane. Cl has a concentration of 1.5mM inside the membrane and 77.5mM outside the membrane. Use the nernst equation to calculate the electrochemical equilibrium of both ions, and show in which direction the netflux would be for each ion.
bo Consider a uniport system where a carrier protein transports an uncharged substance A across a cell membrane. Suppose that at a certain ratio of [A] inside to [A] outside, the AG for the transport of substance A from outside the cell to the inside, Macmillan Leaming A outside → Ainside, is 10.7 kJ/mol at 25°C. What is the ratio of the concentration of substance A inside the cell to the concentration outside? [A]inside [A]outside Choose the true statement about the transport of A under the conditions described. Because AG is positive, the ratio [A] inside/[A]outside must be less than one. Increasing [A]outside will cause AG for movement of Aoutside to Ainside to become a larger positive number. Movement of Ainside to Aoutside will be spontaneous. Decreasing the concentration of the uniport protein in the membrane will cause AG to become a smaller positive number.
Calculate ΔGinward. Is energy required for transport to happen? The cell is at 25°C. Membrane potential = -60 mV. What is the ΔGinward for chloride? Use the chart.

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Calculate the free energy changes at 20°C for the transmembrane movement of Na* and K* ions using the conditions presented Figure 9.1. Assume the membrane potential is -70 mV. Use 3 significant figures. kJ mol¹ AG (Na) AG (K) i i kJ.mol-¹