Every cell in the body has organelles called mitochondria that can generate a voltage difference between their interior and exterior. If the capacitance of a mitochondrion is 2.9×10^−11F and the potential difference between the interior and exterior is 0.20 V, how much electrical energy does it store? Express your answer to two significant figures and include appropriate units.   If a mitochondrion were to use all of its stored electrical energy to produce ATP molecules, and each ATP molecule requires 9.5×10−20J, how many molecules could it produce? (In reality, ATP molecules are produced by the flow of protons caused by the proton motive force, and not by the direct conversion of electrical energy stored by the capacitance of mitochondria.)

Q: tend to carry CO2 molecules? (It may help to consider: where is CO2 highly concentrated? Would…

A: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a…

Q: What substance would you most expect to easily pass through a cell membrane (phospholipid layer)…

A: Cell membrane forms boundary of cell. It separates outside environment from inside environment.…

Q: 2.1 The Na"/K pump is constantly working to push sodium out and potassium into the cell. What role…

A:

Q: Describe why ATP, the molecule that serves as the energycurrency for the body, has an intermediate…

A: ATP serve as the immediate donor of free energy in the biological system. Phosphoryl transfer means…

Q: The production of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient powers the production of ATP in both…

A: Organic substance 2,4-dinitrophenol has the chemical formula HOC₆H₃(NO₂)₂. It smells pleasant and…

Q: Calculate AG for ATP hydrolysis in muscle at 16 °C. Use the muscle concentrations from the first…

A: Standards free energy change calculated at biochemical standards is called biochemical standard free…

Q: There are several membrane-bound organelles in cells (e.g. nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic…

A: Ion channels are the imtegral membrane proteins that span the  whole length of the plasma membrane.…

Q: If you were looking at an enlarged liver cell (60 microns in diameter), how many mitochondria could…

A: Mitochondria is the power house of cell. It is responsible for producing the large amount of energy…

Q: A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. For the cell to…

A: An organic substance that supplies energy to all body cells to carry out biological functions is…

Q: What is the energy charge for the cell with concentrations of [ATP] = 1.000 mM, [ADP] = 10.00 uM,…

A: The energy charge, EC of a cell can be calculated using the formulaEC =  [ATP + (1/2 ADP) ]  /  (ATP…

Q: The average human generates approximately their own weight in ATP every day. A resting person uses…

A: Sodium-Potassium pump is a P class pump, where, P stands for phosphorylation. Pumps are…

Q: The proton channel of ATP synthase consists of: 8–14 pairs of α helices. 8–14 a subunits. 7 α…

A: 8-14 a subunits ADP and phosphate are converted into ATP by the mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase,…

Q: In mitochondria the PH of the matrix is lower than the PH of the intermembrane space

A: Mitochondria are the intracellular organelles spotted in almost all human cells. Each human cell…

Q: Consider a 24:1 △­­cis-9 fatty acid in the mitochondrion. For each fatty acid given, determine the…

A: Fatty acids are (-COOH)carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains from 4 to 36 carbon long. These can…

Q: What type of energy helps drive the passive processes of diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated…

A: Energy is in fact required for all metabolism. Metabolism refers to the total of all the chemical…

Q: How do you think ATP is made accessible to enzymes in the cytosol and other organelles?

A: Mitochondria are an important organelles  which is also known as powerhouse of the cell that do…

Q: explain why ATP is utilized as the primary energy currency in cells. Your answer must include a…

A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a hydrotrope and an organic substance that supplies energy for…

Q: How many ATP molecules can be generated from one arachidic acid (20:0) molecule? (Draw the arachidic…

A: Arachidic acid (C20H40O2) is a saturated fatty acid with 20 carbon molecules. It is also called as…

Q: The resting membrane potential of a cell is polarized, meaning that it has a _____ charge on the…

A: The action potential generates when depolarization of the membrane occurs by a stimulus. The change…

Q: Diabetes type l is an auto-immuno disease; the pancreatic B-cells will be "eaten" by macrophages…

A: Macrophages or WBCs are the phagocytic cells, they are involved in immune response of the body…

Q: Which of the following compounds would you expect to liberate the least free energy when hydrolyzed?…

A: All the given molecules contain high energy bonds. Hydrolysis of these bonds will release free…

Q: ype Il diabetes response in cells to exercise is to increase the numbers of glucose transporters…

A: The endocrine system collaborates with the neurological system to keep the body in a state of…

Q: a Imagine that creatine phosphate, rather than ATP, is the universal energy carrier molecule in the…

A: Creatine phosphate cannot be a universal energy carrier molecule in the human body as it is an…

Q: Which enzyme deficiency is most likely to cause glycogen to be full of short, stubby branches…

A: Glycogen is storage form of glucose. Glycogen is composed of alpha-D glucose units held together by…

Q: In the textbook and power points, glucose is shown to be the starting point for cellular…

A: The process of oxidation of organic compounds in a stepwise manner for the liberation of chemical…

Q: 1) whether the statement is correct or incorrect and 2) the reasoning for your answer. Your answer…

A: The plasma membrane of the cell is the cellular membrane that is selectively permeable or semi…

Q: Na+1 is a charged ion that cannot easily cross the membrane. Is there any way for this ion to get…

A: the flow of Na+1 ion across a membrane depends on stimulus. whenever a cell membrane gets activated…

Q: select the correct statement regarding electrochemical gradients. O Thermodynamically,…

A: Electrochemical gradients refers to the difference in charge(electrical gradient) and chemical…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.