BIOCHEMISTRY Which of the following catalyzes the reversible degradation of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate? a) Trypsin b) Enolase c) Chymotrypsin d) Hexokinase
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- Glucose-6- phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction: glucose – 6-phosphate + H2O = glucose + phosphate. Glucose-6- phosphatase would be classified as a(n) a) kinase b) hydrolase c) lyase d) oxidoreductase If ∆G for a biochemical reaction has a positive value, this means: a) the reaction will proceed very rapidly b) the reaction will proceed very slowly c) the reaction will generate heat d) The reaction requires energy input to proceed. Which thermodynamic parameter do enzymes change? A) entropy b) activation energy c) enthalpy d) all of these Enzymes have which effect on the chemical equilibrium of a biochemical reaction? A) the equilibrium shifts to favor products b) the equilibrium shifts to favor reactants c) The equilibrium does not shift, but gets there faster d) a new equilibrium is formedcomplex allosteric regulation of the aspartate transcarbamoylase reaction is significant because it links? a) citric acid cycle and catecholamine biosynthesis b)glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation c) opiate with neurotransmitter d) glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism e) amino acid and nitrogenous base metabolismSkeletal muscle can store energy in the form of phosphocreatine, which is able to regenerate ATP. In relation to this, answer all of the following: (Show all your work for each part) a) Use your knowledge of bioenergentics to show why this statement is true. b) What is K¢eq for the overall reaction? c) Drawbiochemicalstructuresfortheoverallreaction. d) If the steady-state concentrations of phosphocreatine and creatine in a myocyte (muscle cell) are 1 uM and 129 uM, respectively, what will be the ratio of [ATP]/[ADP], assuming the creatine kinase reaction is at equilibrium?
- In a Lineweaver-Burk graph, the lines representing the uninhibited and inhibited enzyme catalyzed reaction meet each other on the x-axis. The type of inhibition which is occurring is: a) competitive b) noncompetitive c) uncompetitive d) allosteric CO2 exerts direct activity upon hemoglobin by: a) blocking oxygen from binding to the heme group b) displacing BPG from the central cavity c) oxidizing Fe+2 to Fe+3 which does not bind oxygen d) forming an N-terminal carbamate which favors the T-state The dominant motif found in hemoglobin and myoglobin is: a) helix-turn-helix b) twisted beta sheet c) beta barrel d) random coil Which of these is an ketohexose? a) fructose b) glucose c) ribose d) erythrose Which of these is a constitutional isomer of d-glucose? a) fructose b) galactose c) l-glucose d) ribose Which of these is an enantiomer of d-glucose? a) d-fructose b) d- galactose c) l-glucose d) d-ribose Which of these is a diastereomer of…Sterol Biosynthesis A) Identify and draw the mechanism of the steps of the prenyltransferase reaction. B) Define statin and identify which enzyme is inhibited by statins.Which of the following catalyzes reactions that incorporate nitrogen derived from glutamine? a) Glutamine synthase b) Glutamine amidotransferase c) Adenylyltransferase d) Glutamate synthase
- Identify each reaction catalyzed by (a) a nucdeotidase; (b) a phosphorylase; (c) a phosphoribosyltransferase. GMP A D E Guanine Guanosine Fa) Based on the mechanism shown in Figure 2A, what type of enzyme is transpeptidase? : Lyase Isomerase Ligase Hydrolase Oxidoreductase Transferase b) Transpeptidases have two substrates. From Figure 2A, what type of mechanism do they most likely adopt in processing the two substrates? sequential or ping-pong c) β-lactams inactivate transpeptidases by forming a covalent bond with the serine residue in the active site. Based on this description and Figure 2B caption, what type of inhibitor are β-lactams? _________________________________________ d) Based on the mechanism for lactamase shown in Figure 3, what type of enzyme is lactamase? Lyase Isomerase Ligase Hydrolase Oxidoreductase Transferase e) Based on your answer in d, what other reactant, in addition to the antibiotic substrate, needs to be in the active site of lactamase for the hydrolysis reaction to proceed? ____________________Which of the following glycolytic enzymes is NOT subject to regulation a) Hexokinase b) PFK-1 c) Both GAPDH and Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) d) Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TPI) e) GAPDH
- Which of these is associated with production of ATP during glycolysis? (Select all that apply) a) Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 3PG b) Conversion of 1,3-BPG to 2,3-BPG c) Conversion of PEP to pyruvate d) Conversion of 2,3-BPG to 2PG e) Phosphorylation of glucoseIf a slight deficiency in the Vitamin B1 derivative Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) leads to an accumulation of substrates for reactions utilizing this cofactor, A) what substrates would ‘accumulate’ in a human after eating a an enormous amount of sugar-laden Halloween candy, AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? B) what substrates would accumulate in yeast cells cultured under anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? C) and lastly, what substrates would accumulate in plant cells incorporating carbon and generating energy solely using photosynthesis?If a slight deficiency in the Vitamin B1 derivative Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) leads to an accumulation of substrates for reactions utilizing this cofactor, A) what substrates would ‘accumulate’ in a human after eating a an enormous amount of sugar-laden Halloween candy, AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? B) What substrates would accumulate in yeast cells cultured under anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions AND what would be the regulatory consequences on carbohydrate metabolism? C) What substrates would accumulate in plant cells incorporating carbon and generating energy solely using photosynthesis?