2.Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class:A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is catabolized to form pyruvate? (1 step away)B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would youdescribe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)?C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away)D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms ofcell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.

Glycolysis is the primary step of cellular respiration. Glycolysis or EMP (Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas)…

Answered: 2. . Regarding the glycolysis metabolic…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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1. Why is the chemical logic behind the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase? a. So that we end the preparatory phase with 2 3-carbon compounds. b. to provide a substrate for phosphohexose isomerase. c. "Locks" Glucose in the cell. d. to decrease the ΔG of the next reaction. 2. What type of reaction does glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyze? a. isomerization b. group transfer c. oxidation d. dehydration
1. Provide the best coenzyme(s) for each step shown below. Give a 1–2 sentence rationale for your choice. 2. Reaction (C) can require multiple coenzymes, or the enzyme may only require one. Briefly describe how the reaction that uses only one coenzyme works. Be specific about the mechanism.
Different enzymes that catalyse the same reaction are called O A. isoenzymes O B. holoenzymes O C. cofactors O D. coenzymes O E. agonists Which statement concerning the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways is correct? O A. Both are catabolic. O B. Both are anabolic. O C. Gluconeogenesis is catabolic while glycolysis is anabolic. O D. Gluconeogenesis is anabolic while glycolysis is catabolic. O E. Gluconeogenesis occurs in brain and glycolysis occurs in muscle. In lactic acid fermentation, which substance is oxidized and which is oxidized? O A. Lactate is reduced and NAD* is oxidized. OB. Lactate is reduced and pyruvate is oxidized. OC. Pyruvate is reduced and NADH is oxidized. O D. NADH is reduced and pyruvate is oxidized. O E. Lactate is oxidized and NADH is reduced.
1. Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis are reciprocally regulated by a. NADPH b. AMP c. glucose-1-phosphate d. oxaloacetate e. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 2. The enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis that show reciprocal, allosteric regulation by citrate are a. Glucose-6-phosphatase b. lactate dehydrogenase c. Hexokinase d. phosphofructokinase-1 and Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase-1 I'm studying for practice problems but teacher is not providing solution until right before the exam so I need your help
The Krebs cycle reaction shown below is catalyzed by __ enzyme and ___ pays for this reaction note only major metabolites are shown a. Synthetase, hydrolysis of acetyl CoA b. Synthase, hydrolysis of acetyl CoA c. Synthase, hydrolysis of NADH d. Synthetase, hydrolysis of ATP
23. The substrate used in the LAST step of glycolysis is _____. Select one: a. phosphoenolpyruvate b. pyruvate c. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
27. Which of the following sugars of glycolysis is split into dihydroxyacetone before being converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate? A. Fructose-6-phosphate B. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate C. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate D. Phosphoenolpyruvate
38. The shown reaction is one of the four repeating steps during fatty acid biosynthesis. Which of the following statements is correct? A B CH₂-2-CH₂-2-5-ACP A. The small molecule in box A is NADPH + H* B. It is the second reduction reaction during fatty acid biosynthesis C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B Он CH3-C-CH₂-C-5-ACP
4. As stated in your textbook, the first two reactions in glycolysis associated with unfavorable AG° values, i.e., AG° > 0, both produce a product with high phosphoryl group transfer potential. (ATP formation is not considered here.) Compare the two reactions and describe what the driving force is for both reactions that allows glycolysis to proceed to formation of pyruvate.
The following reaction takes place during the synthesis of glycogen: Glucose 1-phosphate + UTP + H20 UDP-Glucose + 2Pi This reaction may be best described as a: a. exergonic, catabolic reaction O b. exergonic, coupled reaction C. oxidation-reduction reaction d. endergonic, substrate-level phosphorylation reaction e. exergonic, substrate-level phosphorylation reaction
3. Fates of pyruvate. Pyruvate has several metabolic fates (some of which you'll learn later) but in anerobic conditions pyruvate has two outcomes. a. For these anerobic outcomes of pyruvate draw the reactions with names and structures of the reactants and products. Please name the enzymes and cofactors necessary. b. During strenuous activity, the demand for ATP in muscle tissue is vastly increased. In rabbit leg muscle or turkey flight muscle, the ATP is produced almost exclusively by lactic acid fermentation. ATP is formed in the payoff phase of glycolysis by two reactions, promoted by phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase. Suppose skeletal muscle were devoid of lactate dehydrogenase. Could it carry out strenuous physical activity; that is, could it generate ATP at a high rate by glycolysis? Explain.
25. An ATP saved is an ATP earned. The complete oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate derived from free glucose yields 30 molecules ATP, whereas the complete oxidation of glucose 6- phosphate derived from glycogen yields 31 molecules of ATP. Account for this difference.

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