a) Based on the mechanism shown in Figure 2A, what type of enzyme is transpeptidase? :Lyase Isomerase Ligase Hydrolase Oxidoreductase Transferase b) Transpeptidases have two substrates. From Figure 2A, what type of mechanism do they most likely adopt in processing the two substrates? sequential or ping-pong c) β-lactams inactivate transpeptidases by forming a covalent bond with the serine residue in the active site. Based on this description and Figure 2B caption, what type of inhibitor are β-lactams? _________________________________________ d) Based on the mechanism for lactamase shown in Figure 3, what type of enzyme is lactamase? Lyase Isomerase Ligase Hydrolase Oxidoreductase Transferase e) Based on your answer in d, what other reactant, in addition to the antibiotic substrate, needs to be in the active site of lactamase for the hydrolysis reaction to proceed? ____________________ (A)(B)L-AlaD-GluB-lactamringHN-(Glyl,-N-y)CH,HC-CH, D AlaCH,Ser-öH C-oTranspeptidaseHC-CH, D-AlačooонOHPeptidoglycan chain 1D-AlaD-Ala-D-Ala PG TerminusPenicillinFigure 2. (A) Mechanism of thetranspeptidase enzyme.(B) B-lactams mimie the peptidebond and adjacent functional groupsin the peptide substrate. When theL-AlaLAlaD-GluD-GluH,N-(Glyls-N-B-Lys)H,N-(Glyls-N-Lys)D-AlaC-ONHserine in the active site attacks theHC-CH,Peptidoglycan chain 2carbonyl carbon in the B-lactamring, a stable covalent bond isformed that prevents the enzymaticproceedcompletely shutting down theонSerSerTranspeptidasereactiontherebytoTranspeptidaseenzyme.LAlaL-AlaD-GluN-Acetylglucosamine(GicNAC)DGlu(Glyls--Lys)-(D-Ala)- (Glyls--Lys)-N-Acetylmuramicacid (Mur2NAc)D-AlaDAlaCross-linked peptidoglycan B-Lactamase -Ser- OH cooHHR-Č-N-CH3HN-CHCH3B-Lactamase - Ser-ÖHсоонPenicillinH HtheCH,R-C-N-C-çHCHCH,B-Lactamase -Ser-oсооннH,0B-LactamaseH HCH,R-Č-N-C-çHCH,N-соонInactive penicillin

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Answered: a) Based on the mechanism shown in…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Question

^{a) Based on the mechanism shown in Figure 2A, what type of enzyme is transpeptidase? :}

^L^{yase Isomerase Ligase Hydrolase Oxidoreductase Transferase}

^{b) Transpeptidases have two substrates.}^{From Figure 2A, what type of mechanism do they most likely adopt in processing the two substrates? sequential or ping-pong}

^{c) β-lactams inactivate transpeptidases by forming a covalent bond with the serine residue in the active site. Based on this description and Figure 2B caption, what type of inhibitor are β-lactams? _________________________________________}

^{d) Based on the mechanism for lactamase shown in Figure 3, what type of enzyme is lactamase?}

^{Lyase Isomerase Ligase Hydrolase Oxidoreductase Transferase}

^{e) Based on your answer in d, what other reactant, in addition to the antibiotic substrate, needs to be in the active site of lactamase for the hydrolysis reaction to proceed? ____________________}

(A)
(B)
L-Ala
D-Glu
B-lactam
ring
HN-(Glyl,-N-y)
CH,
HC-CH, D Ala
CH,
Ser-öH C-o
Transpeptidase
HC-CH, D-Ala
čoo
он
OH
Peptidoglycan chain 1
D-Ala
D-Ala-D-Ala PG Terminus
Penicillin
Figure 2. (A) Mechanism of the
transpeptidase enzyme.
(B) B-lactams mimie the peptide
bond and adjacent functional groups
in the peptide substrate. When the
L-Ala
LAla
D-Glu
D-Glu
H,N-(Glyls-N-B-Lys)
H,N-(Glyls-N-Lys)
D-Ala
C-O
NH
serine in the active site attacks the
HC-CH,
Peptidoglycan chain 2
carbonyl carbon in the B-lactam
ring, a stable covalent bond is
formed that prevents the enzymatic
proceed
completely shutting down the
он
Ser
Ser
Transpeptidase
reaction
thereby
to
Transpeptidase
enzyme.
LAla
L-Ala
D-Glu
N-Acetylglucosamine
(GicNAC)
DGlu
(Glyls--Lys)-(D-Ala)- (Glyls--Lys)-
N-Acetylmuramic
acid (Mur2NAc)
D-Ala
DAla
Cross-linked peptidoglycan

B-Lactamase -Ser- OH cooH
H
R-Č-N-
CH3
H
N-
CH
CH3
B-Lactamase - Ser-ÖH
соон
Penicillin
H H
the
CH,
R-C-N-C-ç
H
CH
CH,
B-Lactamase -Ser-o
соон
н
H,0
B-Lactamase
H H
CH,
R-Č-N-C-ç
H
CH,
N-
соон
Inactive penicillin

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