Archaea Eukarya most inhabit extreme environments cells have membrane-bound organelles plants cells have a nucleus All Three Domains many are multicellular cells contain genetic material eukaryotes Bacteria E. coli peptidoglycan Archaea and Bacteria cells do not have a nucleus Х unicellular prokaryotes

Archaea Eukarya most inhabit extreme environments cells have membrane-bound organelles plants cells have a nucleus All Three Domains many are multicellular cells contain genetic material eukaryotes Bacteria E. coli peptidoglycan Archaea and Bacteria cells do not have a nucleus Х unicellular prokaryotes

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter4: Energy And Metabolism

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1DID: The genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, F. acidarmanus,...

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The genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, F. acidarmanus, was discovered to be the main component of slime streamers (a type of biofilm) deep inside an abandoned California copper mine (Figure 4.11A). F. acidarmanus cells use an ancient energy-harvesting pathway that combines oxygen with ironsulfur compounds in minerals such as pyrite. This reaction dissolves the minerals, so groundwater that seeps into the mine ends up with extremely high concentrations of metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic. The reaction also produces sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of the water around the cells to zero. Despite living in an environment with a composition similar to hot battery acid, F. acidarmanus cells maintain their internal pH at a cozy 5.0. Thus, researchers investigating Ferroplasma metabolic enzymes were surprised to discover that most of the cells enzymes function best at very low pH (Figure 4.11B). A. Deep inside one of the most toxic sites in the United States: Iron Mountain Mine, in California. The water in this stream, which is about 1 meter (3 feet) wide in this photo, is hot (around 40C, or 104F), heavily laden with arsenic and other toxic metals, and has a pH of zero. Slime streamers growing in it are a biofilm dominated by a species of archaea, Ferroplasma acidarmanus. B. pH profiles of four enzymes isolated from F. acidarmus. Researchers had expected these enzymes to function best at the cells cytoplasmic pH (5.0). What does the dashed line signify?
Bacteria that cause the disease typhus arc close relatives of bacteria that evolved into __________. a. protists b. protocells c. chioroplasts d. mitochondria
Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells ________. a. have no plasma membrane b. have RNA but not DNA c. have no nucleus d. a and c
Figure 13.6 Which of the following statements is true? a. Gram-positive bacteria have a single cell wall formed from peptidoglycan. b. Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. c. The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is thick, and the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thin. d. Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, while Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall made of phospholipids.
A prokaryote converts food energy into the chemical energy of ATP on/in its: chromosome. flagella. ribosomes. cell wall. plasma membrane.
A bacterium is _____ (choose all that apply). a. an organism b. an animal c. single-celled d. a eukaryote
Diatoms produce _______ that help(s) them float. a. phycobilins b. oils c. diatomaceous earth d. alginates
Bacteria that serve as decomposers are ___ . a. photoautotrophs b. photoheterotrophs c. chemoautotrophs d. chemoheterotrophs
______ are members or the phytoplankton. a. Water molds b. Diatoms c. Giant kelps d. Cellular slime molds
Diplomonads, and parabasalids lack _______. a. a nucleus b. mitochondria c. a plasma membrane d. flagella
Microbial mats. are the earliest forms of life on Earth obtained their energy and food from hydrothermal vents are multi-layered sheets of prokaryotes including mostly bacteria but also archaea all of the above
The group Diplomonadida is characterized by: a. a mouthlike gullet and hairlike surface. Paramecium is anexample. b. flagella and a lack of mitochondria. Giardia is an example. c. nonmotility, parasitism, and sporelike infective stages. Toxoplasma is an example. d. switching between autotrophic and heterotrophic lifestyles. Euglena is an example. e. large protein deposits and movement by two flagella, which are part of an undulating membrane. Trypanosoma is an example.