The homogeneity of the chloride level in a water sample from a lake was tested by analyzing portions drawn from the top and from near the bottom of the lake, with the following results in ppm Cl: Top Bottom 26.30 26.22 26.43 26.32 26.28 26.20 26.19 26.11 26.49 26.42 (a) Apply the t-test at the 95% confidence level to determine if the chloride level from the top of the lake is different from that at the bottom. At 95% confidence t crit = , and t = . Since t (>,<,=) we conclude that (a,no) significant difference exists at the 95% confidence level. (b) Now use the paired t-test and determine whether there is a significant difference between the top and bottom values at the 95% confidence level. At 95% confidence t crit = and t = . Since t (>,<,=) we conclude that (a,no) significant difference exists at the 95% confidence level. (c) Why is a different conclusion drawn from using the paired t-test than from just pooling the data and using the normal t-test for differences in means? The large sample to sample variability causes s top and s bottom to be large and masks the differences between the samples taken from the top and the bottom. Because there are reduced degrees of freedom with the paired t-test, the significant difference detected is artificial. There are multiple outliers in the Top data that artificially skew the mean, and therefore the t-crit value.
The homogeneity of the chloride level in a water sample from a lake was tested by analyzing portions drawn from the top and from near the bottom of the lake, with the following results in ppm Cl: Top Bottom 26.30 26.22 26.43 26.32 26.28 26.20 26.19 26.11 26.49 26.42 (a) Apply the t-test at the 95% confidence level to determine if the chloride level from the top of the lake is different from that at the bottom. At 95% confidence t crit = , and t = . Since t (>,<,=) we conclude that (a,no) significant difference exists at the 95% confidence level. (b) Now use the paired t-test and determine whether there is a significant difference between the top and bottom values at the 95% confidence level. At 95% confidence t crit = and t = . Since t (>,<,=) we conclude that (a,no) significant difference exists at the 95% confidence level. (c) Why is a different conclusion drawn from using the paired t-test than from just pooling the data and using the normal t-test for differences in means? The large sample to sample variability causes s top and s bottom to be large and masks the differences between the samples taken from the top and the bottom. Because there are reduced degrees of freedom with the paired t-test, the significant difference detected is artificial. There are multiple outliers in the Top data that artificially skew the mean, and therefore the t-crit value.
Basic Clinical Laboratory Techniques 6E
6th Edition
ISBN:9781133893943
Author:ESTRIDGE
Publisher:ESTRIDGE
Chapter1: The Clinical Laboratory
Section1.9: Quality Assessment
Problem 1.1CT
Related questions
Question
The homogeneity of the chloride level in a water sample from a lake was tested by analyzing portions drawn from the top and from near the bottom of the lake, with the following results in ppm Cl:
Top | Bottom |
26.30 | 26.22 |
26.43 | 26.32 |
26.28 | 26.20 |
26.19 | 26.11 |
26.49 | 26.42 |
(a) Apply the t-test at the 95% confidence level to determine if the chloride level from the top of the lake is different from that at the bottom.
At 95% confidence t crit = , and t = . Since t (>,<,=) we conclude that (a,no) significant difference exists at the 95% confidence level.
(b) Now use the paired t-test and determine whether there is a significant difference between the top and bottom values at the 95% confidence level.
At 95% confidence t crit = and t = . Since t (>,<,=) we conclude that (a,no) significant difference exists at the 95% confidence level.
(c) Why is a different conclusion drawn from using the paired t-test than from just pooling the data and using the normal t-test for differences in means?
The large sample to sample variability causes s top and s bottom to be large and masks the differences between the samples taken from the top and the bottom.
Because there are reduced degrees of freedom with the paired t-test, the significant difference detected is artificial.
There are multiple outliers in the Top data that artificially skew the mean, and therefore the t-crit value.
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A …
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:
9781337711067
Author:
Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna Balac
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A …
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:
9781337711067
Author:
Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna Balac
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Cardiopulmonary Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:
9781337794909
Author:
Des Jardins, Terry.
Publisher:
Cengage Learning,