4. The graph below was taken from a paper by Galardi et al., 2007, studying therole of two microRNAs (mIR-221 and mIR-222) in prostate cancer progression.The researchers identified that these cancerous cells have an upregulation inboth mIR221 and miR 222. Use the graphs below to answer the questions A-B.Background: Panel A shows the nucleotide sequence of both miRs and a cell cycleinhibitor gene known as p27.Panel B shows protein levels of the p27 gene in three different cell lines, PC3 (a fast-growing cancer) and 22RV1 and LNCAP (two slow-growing cancers).A miR-2213'-CUUUGGGUCGUCUGUUACAUCGA-5::: I : IIIII1320-AUAGUUUUUACCUUUUAUGUAGCA -1:р27ControlmiR-2223-UCUGGGUC-AUCGGUCUACAUCGA-535e P27 knock30downВp27actin48Silvia Galardi et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2007:282-23716-23724JBCtime (h)Answer the following question(s):A. Summarize what you think the relationship between miR-221 and miR-222 withp27 in relation to the progression of cancer.B. If you were to develop a drug, how would you manipulate levels of miRs andp27?PC322RV1LNCAPcell number (x1000)

Name: 4. The graph below was taken from a paper by Galardi et al., 2007, st
Uploaded: 2024-03-20T06:42:41.000Z
Channel: Bartleby
Description: 4. The graph below was taken from a paper by Galardi et al., 2007, studying therole of two microRNAs (mIR-221 and mIR-222) in prostate cancer progression.The researchers identified that these cancerous cells have an upregulation inboth mIR221 and mi

Introduction: P27 is an important inhibitor in the process of proliferation of cells. It inhibits the activity of the enzyme Cyclin dependant kinase. It controls cells during cellular modulation, differentiation, and proliferation. It arrests cells in the G1-phase of the cell cycle so, that the cell can easily enter into the S-phase. It is found that P27 is regulated downstream in cancerous cells that resulting in the inverse relation between the inhibitor and cancerous cells.Explanation: A. a lot of experiments have been done to show the relation of micro RNAs with tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, and stem-cell behavior. The abnormal regulation of miRNAs in all types of tumors, their expression profiles are important diagnostic and prognostic classification. Galardi et al. discovered the cell cycle regulator P27 as a target of miR-221/miR-222. He demonstrated that in pancreatic cells, p27 and miR-221/222 expression levels inversely correlated and miR-221/miR-222 overexpression had an important effect on the proliferation rate and the cell cycle phase distribution. These results were then confirmed in glioblastomas, thyroid papillary carcinomas, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lung cancer. Till now lots of other tumor suppressor genes have been identified as miR-221/miR-222 targets.Final answer: micro Rna-221 and micro RNA-222 had an important role in the process of proliferation of cells. and P27 act as a target for miRNA-221 and miRNA-222.