2. įmagine that you and your colleagues are working in a lab to develop a protein synthesis system for a new type of synthetic cell. During your brainstorming sessions, you propose that polycistronic mRNA would be much more useful than MRNA that is only translated into one protein. This would allow for multiple proteins necessary for a particular function to be translated together. One of your colleagues says that is a good idea, but if you decide to go with polycistronic mRNA, you'd better make sure to use a prokaryotic translation system. Why might it be problematic to use a eukaryotic translation system with polycistronic mRNA? Mention three reasons:

Q: 5. Consider eukaryotic transcription: a) Draw a eukaryotic gene and label key sequences. (5 points)

A: A eukaryotic gene, consists of a set of sequences that appear in mature mRNA interrupted by introns.…

Q: 2. The following figure represents the primary transcript of a typical eukaryotic protein-coding…

A: Eukaryotic protein-coding genes are segments of DNA in eukaryotic organisms that contain…

Q: 3. The human genome contains about 20,000 genes but human cells can synthesize about 80,000…

A: The human genome is made up of both coding and non-coding regions. The coding regions, also known as…

Q: During cloning of eukaryotic genes, mRNA instead the original gene fragment is used to obtain the…

A: Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms that carry coded genetic…

Q: 8. You have sequenced a segment of DNA from a species in the genus Lithobates (true frogs). The…

A: Template strand is a sense strand. and the coding stand which actually does not  codes for m RNA is…

Q: 6. Riboswitches are RNA sequences found in the 5' untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA) that…

A: Riboswitches are regulatory elements that control gene expression in response to the binding of…

Q: 4. Apolipoprotein B is a protein that binds lipids and carries them around the body. One of the two…

A: The rate of translation varies amongst prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotic cells, this rate…

Q: For the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: I in the LINES with: Protein, Primary mRNA, Active…

A: Introduction Central dogma in molecular biology is the process by which the instructions in DNA are…

Q: . Which of the following statements about the flow of genetic information is correct? A. Translation…

A: Genes are the basic hereditary molecules that carry hereditary information in them. They are present…

Q: A particular DNA coding segment is ACGTTAGCCCCAGCT. Write the sequence of nucleotides in the…

A: Disclaimer: " It is assumed that the given coding strand is from 5' to 3' direction. The central…

Q: 1. What is the concept of universality of the genetic code? What are the exceptions to this…

A: Introduction  The sequence of nucleotides on m-RNA that code for an amino acid is known as genetic…

Q: 1.Generally, demethylation on the promoter region of a gene blocks transcription. True\False?…

A: Disclaimer: - According to the Bartleby guidelines, only the first three true/false questions can be…

Q: What is the difference between Rho Dependent and Rho Independent termination in prokaryotes?

A: Introduction : Transcription is the process in which RNA is synthesized by taking DNA as a template…

Q: 1. Determine what is being meant by each statements: a. It describes mRNA that results in a single…

A:

Q: . Which of the following descriptions of EF-Tu is correct? A. EF-Tu delivers fMet- RNA to the A site…

A: Introduction: Elongation factors deliver aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome.  Ef-Tu is a monomeric…

Q: 2. The oskar MRNA is localized in a pre-cellular embryo for future tail development (see Figure A…

A: A Molecular beacon is a single stranded nucleic acids with fluorescent probe that forms a…

Q: Below is a diagram of a gene that is not normally alternatively spliced. All four exons (represented…

A: Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from the DNA. Northern blotting is used to study the mRNA and…

Q: 2. If you mixed the mRNA of a human gene with thegenomic DNA for the same gene and allowed theRNA…

A: The binding of single standard DNA on the basis of their complementary is known as hybridization.…

Q: What is a consensus sequence? What are the components of RNA polymerase and what are their functions

A: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from RNA template.

Q: 8. Label each figure with what TYPE OF CELL is undergoing gene expression: Nuclear membrane DNA…

A: Gene expression is a process in which first transcription occurs that is formation of RNA occurs…

Q: 5. You're working in Marshall Nirenberg's lab, trying to decipher the genetic code. You use several…

A: Introduction Marshall Nirenberg discovered a way to determine the sequence of the letters in each…

Q: 4. In the graph shown below, the dashed line shows the level of MRNA for a certain protein, Prot6,…

A: Anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the…

Q: 7. what are the types of processing a eukaryotic mRNA is subject to, and how do they occur?

A: mRNA is called messenger RNA. mRNA act as a transcript for the synthesis of peptide or proteins.…

Q: The poly A tail of an mRNA molecule was removed by a deadenylase enzyme before it is recognized by…

A: 1) Option D is correct answer for this question because It is this mRNA which decide the sequence of…

Q: 8. A type of gene therapy called RNA interference (RNAI) is being investigated to treat Huntington's…

A: Small interfering RNA (siRNA): This is a type of RNA molecule that can trigger the degradation of a…

Q: a. b. What constitutes the protein-coding region of a mature mRNA molecule?

A: INTRODUCTION  The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA known as transcription. In the DNA…

Q: 1. DNA is a linear code of biological information in the form of genes. DNA is transcribed to…

A: We know that, DNA is the genetic material of all organisms in the earth. It helps to determine the…

Q: Given a non-template strand with this sequence: 3'- G CATCGCTAGCGGCTAGA-5' What will be the sequence…

A: The Maij difference between DNA and RNA is that DNA have bases A, T, G ,C where as RNA has A,U,G,C.…

Q: 3. Shown here is the structure of a human gene. = exons = introns Transcription termination site…

A: According to our guideline we can answer only first 3 subparts of a question. So, upload the…

Q: 3. You are investigating an abnormal eukaryotic cell line that makes mRNAs much longer than the…

A: mRNAs are single-stranded RNA molecules that are complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene.…

Q: 8. Now that you have mature mRNA and it has exited the nucleus and entered the cytosol, it is time…

A: Answer :   Given in the image

Q: In a short paragraph or two, contrast each of the following pairs of concepts: a. Compare the 5' and…

A: DNA is transcribed to form mRNA by transcription. The mRNA forms special structures and features at…

Q: 5. Scientists recently described a unique family of chemotactile receptors (CRs) that allows for…

A: Octopuses are highly intelligent and resourceful animals that possess a complex nervous system and…

Q: - RNA can take part in eukaryotic intron splicing but DNA cannot. Describe in technical detail why…

A: Splicing is  a process of removal of non-coding (introns) regions from the gene. Incase of…

Q: All of the following are functions of introns EXCEPT A. Provide buffering capacity against mutations…

A: Introns are non coding sections of RNA transcripts that are removed by splicing before the…

Q: 2. Several techniques were used to study the degree of translocation of truncated intermediates in…

A: Here translocation is defined as synthesis of protein by ribosome-tRNA complex as it moves on mRNA…

Q: Part of a gene is written below, and transcription begins at the boxed T/A base pair and proceeds…

A: Gene is present on a chromosome and contains hereditary information. These genes are later…

Q: 6. In the following graph, the dashed line shows the level of mRNA for a certain protein, Prot6, at…

A: The dashed line in the graph shows the level of mRNA for protein, Prot6 at various positions along…

Q: 2. The sequence of bases in a segment of mRNA is UUUCAUAAG. Answer the following questions: a. What…

A: mRNA is the transcript that is produced during the process of transcription from DNA by the enzyme…

Q: 2. An mRNA has a sequence AAAUUACUCGAAAUUGCGUGUAGUS'. DNA, t-RNA and amino acid sequence of the…

A: Introduction DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. RNA is used to…

Q: 1. Using the diagram below: a. Label the process identified by each arrow. b. Label the diagrams…

A: DNA stands for 'deoxyribonucleic acid'. It is the hereditary material in humans as well as in most…

Q: . How do I explain a brief outline of the mechanisms in which DNA is used to generate protein by…

A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 2. You are excited because you discovered a DNA sequence motif that appears to be in the promoters…

A: Promoter regions contain specific DNA sequences that act as transcription factor binding sites and…

Q: 3. The average molecular weight of human proteins is about 50,000 daltons. A few proteins are much…

A: The molecular weight of the normal protein and titin protein are given. We need to determine the…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.