4) RNAI is the name used to describe a system that cells use to shut down the translation of specifically targeted MRNA molecules. What kind of a molecule triggers this system? How does the system work? How does it recognize its target?

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**RNA Interference (RNAi) in Cellular Systems**

RNAi is the name used to describe a system that cells use to shut down the translation of specifically targeted mRNA molecules. This process is crucial for regulating gene expression and maintaining cellular function.

- **What kind of molecule triggers this system?**
  
  The RNAi system is typically triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules.

- **How does the system work?**
  
  The RNAi process begins when the presence of dsRNA molecules in a cell activates the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). This complex processes the dsRNA into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The siRNAs are then incorporated into RISC, guiding the complex to complementary mRNA molecules. Once bound, RISC degrades the mRNA, preventing translation and effectively silencing the gene.

- **How does it recognize its target?**
  
  The RNAi system recognizes its target through base pairing between the siRNA and its complementary mRNA sequence. This specificity allows the system to target and degrade only those mRNA molecules that match the siRNA, ensuring precise regulation of gene expression.
Transcribed Image Text:**RNA Interference (RNAi) in Cellular Systems** RNAi is the name used to describe a system that cells use to shut down the translation of specifically targeted mRNA molecules. This process is crucial for regulating gene expression and maintaining cellular function. - **What kind of molecule triggers this system?** The RNAi system is typically triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules. - **How does the system work?** The RNAi process begins when the presence of dsRNA molecules in a cell activates the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). This complex processes the dsRNA into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The siRNAs are then incorporated into RISC, guiding the complex to complementary mRNA molecules. Once bound, RISC degrades the mRNA, preventing translation and effectively silencing the gene. - **How does it recognize its target?** The RNAi system recognizes its target through base pairing between the siRNA and its complementary mRNA sequence. This specificity allows the system to target and degrade only those mRNA molecules that match the siRNA, ensuring precise regulation of gene expression.
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