3. Shown here is the structure of a human gene.exonsintronsTranscription terminationsite (also poly A site)PromoterStart oftranscriptionm25%3'ATG50TACTAA12690130222850132ATT5'a. What is the length of the primary mRNA transcript (before splicing)?b. What is the length of the MRNA after splicingC. How many amino acids will this protein have?d. Where would you find a mutation that affects transcription of this gene?e. Where would you find a mutation that affects splicing?f.What effect would the mutation m2 have on pre-MRNA?g. What effect would mutation m2 have on the length of the mature mRNA?h. What effect would mutation M2 have on the protein produced?

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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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2. Define each of these processes that are essential to the formation of a protein. a. Transcription b. Translation translation is the process of generating polypeptide using the information carried on an MRNA molecule. 3. Complete the table to summarize each process Process Template Product Synthesized Location in Eukaryotic Cell Transcription Translation 4. Write the central dogma of molecular genetics, as proclaimed by Francis Crick? 5. How many nucleotide bases are there? 6. How many amino acids? (Hint: look at page 77 of your book) 7. DNA is double stranded, but for each protein, only one of these two strands is used to produce an MRNA transcript. What is the strand called? 8. Here is a short DNA template. Below it, assemble the complementary MRNA strand. Recall that DNA-DNA, DNA-RNA, and RNA-RNA strand interactions are antiparallel. This means Vour MRNA strand will run 5' to 3'
1. Which of the following repair mechanisms can lead to frameshift mutations? a. Nonhomologous end-joining b. Nucleotide excision repair c. Mismatch repair d. Homologous recombination 2. In eukaryotes, what must be formed before translation is initiated? a. The binding of 30s ribosomes with IF1, IF3, mRNA, and fmet-tRNAf b. The binding of 40s ribosomes with eIF1, eIF3, mRNA, and fmet-tRNAf c. The binding of 50s ribosomes with IF1, IF3, mRNA, and fmet-tRNAf d. The circularization of mRNA and subsequent binding with the complex made up of 40s ribosomes with eIF1, eIF3, and met-tRNAi. 3. Which of the following eukaryotic transcription initiation factors is correctly paired with their function? a. TFIID recruits RNAPII to the promoter b. TFIIA binds to the TATA box. c. TFIIF kicks out the inhibitory protein in TFIID. d. TFIIH melts the DNA to open the transcription bubble.
1. Draw your own version of the Central Dogma below, being sure to include the terms translation, transcription and synthesis. 2. Fill in the following chart regarding the Central Dogma: Transcription Translation Goal (outcome) Required molecules Location where it Occurs Post-event modifications 3. Identify the three main types of RNA and explain the function of each. 4. What is the genetic code and what is it used for?
8. The following diagram represents the Christmas-tree-like structures during transcription. On the diagram, identify parts a. through g. DNA molecule RNA molecules transcribed from DNA 5' and 3' ends of the template strand of DNA 5' and 3' ends of at least one RNA molecule Direction of movement of the transcription apparatus on the DNA molecule d. Approximate location of the promoter a. b. С.
49Eukaryotic RNA polymerases can be distinguished by their sensitivities to ( ). 50Each bacterial mRNA open reading frame has its own ( ) codon. 51Two nuclear splicing intermediates resemble ______________. A.helicesb.lariatsc.hairpinsD.projections
1. (a)How many amino acids are found in the polypeptide when the mRNA is translated? mRNA 5 - AAUAUGCGGAUGCCCGAA -3 4 5 6 7 (b) "In this mutation, the UGG codon is replaced with UGA." missense mutation nonsense mutation silent mutation frameshift mutation
2. You perform a series of experiments on the synthesis of the pituitary hormone prolactin, which is a single polypeptide chain 199 amino acids long. In the first experiment, the MRNA coding for prolactin is translated in a cell-free protein synthesizing system containing ribosomes, amino acids, tRNAs, aminoacyl-TRNA synthetases, ATP, GTP, and the appropriate initiation, elongation, and termination factors. Under these conditions, a polypeptide chain 227 amino acids long is synthesized. In a second experiment, the MRNA is translated in the same cel1-free system to which you have added SRP. In this case, translation stops after a peptide about 70 amino acids long has been produced. In a third experiment, you use the same cell-free translation system to which you have added both SRP and endoplasmic reticulum vesicles, and you find that that the prolactin MRNA now produces a polypeptide that is 199 amino acids long. A) Explain these results.
1. (a) "In this mutation, most amino acids are replaced due to a deletion of a nucleotide base." missense mutation nonsense mutation silent mutation frameshift mutation (b) How many codons are found in the mRNA below?mRNA 5 - AAUAUGCGGAUGCCCGAA -3 4 5 6 7
7
Transcription in prokaryotic cells O A. is initiated at a promoter and uses only one strand of DNA (the template strand) to synthesize a complementary RNA strand. B. occurs in the nucleus, whereas translation occurs in the cytoplasm. C. is terminated at a stop codon. D. does not need a promoter. O E. is initiated at a start codon with the help of initiation factors and the small subunit of the ribosome. 5
Help plz
4. For the gene drawn below, transcription begins at the boxed A/T base pair. a. Identify the promoter, template and coding strand. b. Transcribe c. Translate 5'- TTGGAATTGTGAATGGATAACAATGTGACACAGGAAACAGCTAAGTAGATGTTT -3' 1 54 3'- AACCTTAACACTTACCTATTGTTACACTGTGTCCTTTGACGATTCATCTACAAA -5' ---+--- ---+--- ---+---- ---+--- ---+---

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