2. Consider the problem of finding the shortest route through several cities, such that each city is visited only once and in the end return to the starting city (the Travelling Salesman problem). Suppose that in order to solve this problem we use a genetic algorithm, in which genes represent links between pairs of cities. For example, a link between Accra and Lagos is represented by a single gene 'AL’. Let also assume that the direction in which we travel is not important, so that AL =LA. (1) How many genes will be used in a chromosome of each individual if the number of cities is 10? (ii) (ii) How many genes will be in the alphabet of the algorithm?

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A: Gene is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA which encode a particular protein.

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Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.