a) Interpretation: The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated. Concept introduction: Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic. To state: The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Question

Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Follow the curved arrows and draw the structure of the missing reactants, intermediates, or products in the following mechanism. Include all lone pairs. Ignore stereochemistry. Ignore inorganic byproducts. H Br2 (1 equiv) H- Select to Draw Starting Alkene Draw Major Product I I H2O 四: ⑦.. Q Draw Major Charged Intermediate I

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9.SE, Problem 57AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of carbocations is in the order tertiary>secondary>primary. The carbocations can be stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

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Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Follow the curved arrows and draw the structure of the missing reactants, intermediates, or products in the following mechanism. Include all lone pairs. Ignore stereochemistry. Ignore inorganic byproducts. H Br2 (1 equiv) H- Select to Draw Starting Alkene Draw Major Product I I H2O 四: ⑦.. Q Draw Major Charged Intermediate I

NH (aq)+CNO (aq) → CO(NH2)2(s) Experiment [NH4] (M) [CNO] (M) Initial rate (M/s) 1 0.014 0.02 0.002 23 0.028 0.02 0.008 0.014 0.01 0.001 Calculate the rate contant for this reaction using the data provided in the table.

2CIO2 + 20H-1 CIO31 + CIO2 + H2O Experiment [CIO2], M [OH-1], M 1 0.0500 0.100 23 2 0.100 0.100 3 0.100 0.0500 Initial Rate, M/s 0.0575 0.230 0.115 ... Given this date, calculate the overall order of this reaction.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9.SE, Problem 57AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of carbocations is in the order tertiary>secondary>primary. The carbocations can be stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9.SE, Problem 57AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of carbocations is in the order tertiary>secondary>primary. The carbocations can be stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9.SE, Problem 57AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of carbocations is in the order tertiary>secondary>primary. The carbocations can be stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9.SE, Problem 57AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of carbocations is in the order tertiary>secondary>primary. The carbocations can be stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Answer 6

Chapter 9.SE, Problem 57AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Answer 7

Chapter 9.SE, Problem 57AP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of carbocations is in the order tertiary>secondary>primary. The carbocations can be stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The stability of carbocations is in the order tertiary>secondary>primary. The carbocations can be stabilized either by resonance or by hyperconjugation or by the inductive effect of the substituents. Among these resonance plays an important role. The order of stability of carbocations is allylic>tertiary>secondary>primary>methyl>vinylic.

To state:

The order of increasing stability among the carbocations shown.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 9.3 - What products would you expect from the following...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 4P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 5P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 6P Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 9.5 - Using any alkyne needed, how would you prepare the...Ch. 9.7 - The pKa of acetone, CH3COCH3, is 19.3. Which of...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that carbocations are stabilized either by resonance or hyperconjugation or by inductive effect of the substituents.

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Chapter 9 Solutions