Concept explainers
Ethics of downsizing. A major strategic alternative for many U.S. firms is to reduce the size of their workforce, i.e.. to “downsize.’ The ethics of downsizing decisions from the employees’ perspective was investigated in the Journal of Business Ethics (Vol. 18,1999). The researchers surveyed a sample of 209 employees who were enrolled in an Executive MBA Program or weekend program at one of three Colorado universities. These individuals were divided into five distinct groups, depending on their job situation at a previous or current firm. The groups were named (1) Casualties. (2) Survivors. (3) Implementors/casualties. (4) Implementors/survivors, and (5) Formulators. The sampled employees completed a questionnaire on their ethical perceptions of downsizing. One item asked employees to respond to the statement:” It is unethical for a downsizing decis on to be announced or implemented on or prior to a major holiday.’ Responses were measured using a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 = strongly agree. 2 = agree. 3 = neutral. 4 = disagree, and 5 = strongly disagree. Data on both the qualitative variable “Group” and the quantitative variable “Ethics response” are saved in the accompanying file. The researchers’ goal was to determine if any differences exist among the
a. The data were analyzed using an ANOVA for a completely randomized design. Identify the factor treatments, response variable, and experimental units for this design.
b. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses tested.
c. A Minitab printout of the ANOVA is displayed on the next page. Can you conclude that the mean ethics scores of the five groups of employees are significantly different? Explain.
d. Access the data and check that the assumptions required for the ANOVA F-test are reasonably satisfied.
e. Multiple comparisons of the treatment (group) means were conducted using the Bonferroni method with an experimentwise error rate of .05. Explain why the Bonferroni method is preferred over another multiple comparisons method (e.g.. Tukey or Scheffe).
f. Refer to part e. Determine the number of pairwise comparisons for this analysis.
g. The sample mean ethics scores for the five groups and Bonferroni rankings are summarized below. Identify the groups with the significantly largest mean ethics scores.
1 59 | 1.79 | 1 84 | 2 45 | 2 87 |
Implementors/casualties | Casualties | Survivors | Implementors/survivors | Formulators |
Group 3 | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 4 | Group 5 |
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 9 Solutions
Statistics for Business and Economics (13th Edition)
- Urban Travel Times Population of cities and driving times are related, as shown in the accompanying table, which shows the 1960 population N, in thousands, for several cities, together with the average time T, in minutes, sent by residents driving to work. City Population N Driving time T Los Angeles 6489 16.8 Pittsburgh 1804 12.6 Washington 1808 14.3 Hutchinson 38 6.1 Nashville 347 10.8 Tallahassee 48 7.3 An analysis of these data, along with data from 17 other cities in the United States and Canada, led to a power model of average driving time as a function of population. a Construct a power model of driving time in minutes as a function of population measured in thousands b Is average driving time in Pittsburgh more or less than would be expected from its population? c If you wish to move to a smaller city to reduce your average driving time to work by 25, how much smaller should the city be?arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the sample space of an experiment?arrow_forward
- Functions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...AlgebraISBN:9781337111348Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan NoellPublisher:Cengage LearningGlencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillBig Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
- Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGALCollege Algebra (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305652231Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff HughesPublisher:Cengage Learning