Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom)
Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259141089
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P

Draw the organic product(s) formed when CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH is treated with each reagent.

a. H 2 SO 4 d. HBr g. TsCl , pyridine

b. NaH e. SOCl 2 , pyridine h. [ 1 ] NaH; [ 2 ] CH 3 CH 2 Br

c. HCl + ZnCl 2 f. PBr 3 i. [ 1 ] TsCl , pyridine; [ 2 ] NaSH

Expert Solution
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Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Alcohols undergo dehydration reaction in the presence of strong acids like H2SO4 or p-toluenesulfonicacid(TsOH) and yield alkenes. The dehydration of primary alcohols occurs in two steps and it is E2 reaction. The first step is protonation of OH to form good leaving group. The second step is loss of the leaving group and removal of the β proton.

Answer to Problem 9.46P

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  1

Explanation of Solution

The given reagent is H2SO4.

Alcohols undergo dehydration reaction in the presence of strong acids like H2SO4 or p-toluenesulfonicacid(TsOH) and yield alkenes. The dehydration of primary alcohols occurs in two steps and it is E2 reaction. The first step is protonation of OH to form good leaving group. The second step is loss of the leaving group and removal of the β proton.

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 1.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  2

Figure 1

Conclusion

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 1.

Expert Solution
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Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: An alkoxide salt is required to prepare ether. The alkoxide salts are prepared from alcohols through the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction. In this reaction, NaH or NaNH2 are especially utilized, due to the by-product of the reaction (H2orNH3). Both H2 and NH3 are gases that bubbles out rapidly from the reaction mixture.

Answer to Problem 9.46P

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  3.

Explanation of Solution

The given reagent is NaH.

An alkoxide salt is required to prepare ether. The alkoxide salts are prepared from alcohols through the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction. In this reaction, NaH or NaNH2 are especially utilized, due to the by-product of the reaction (H2orNH3). Both H2 and NH3 are gases that bubbles out rapidly from the reaction mixture.

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 2.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  4

Figure 2

Conclusion

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 2.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The reactivity of HCl is low towards the primary alcohols. It is due to low nucleophilicity of Cl. Therefore, an additional catalyst ZnCl2 is added along with it, that makes a Lewis acid-base reaction with primary alcohols. The mechanism of the reaction is SN2.

Answer to Problem 9.46P

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  5

Explanation of Solution

The given reagent is HCl+ZnCl2.

The reactivity of HCl is low towards the primary alcohols. It is due to low nucleophilicity of Cl. Therefore, an additional catalyst ZnCl2 is added along with it, that makes a Lewis acid-base reaction with primary alcohols. The mechanism of the reaction is SN2.

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  6

Figure 3

Conclusion

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 3.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: The reaction of alcohols with halogen acids (HX) is a general method to obtain 1ο,2οor3ο alkyl halides. This method is preferred due to the formation of H2O as leaving group. The more substituted alcohols generally react rapidly with halogen acids.

Answer to Problem 9.46P

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent are shown below.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  7

Explanation of Solution

The given reagent is HBr.

The reaction of alcohols with halogen acids (HX) is a general method to obtain 1ο,2οor3ο alkyl halides. This method is preferred due to the formation of H2O as leaving group. The more substituted alcohols generally react rapidly with halogen acids.

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 4.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  8

Figure 4

Conclusion

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 4.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Alkyl chlorides are obtained by the reaction of 1οor2ο alcohols with thionyl chloride (SOCl2), and pyridine. The reaction yields SO2, and HCl as by-products. The mechanism of the reaction involves two steps. The first step is conversion of the OH group into a good leaving group. The second step is nucleophilic attack by Cl through an SN2 reaction.

Answer to Problem 9.46P

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent are shown below.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  9

Explanation of Solution

The given reagent is SOCl2,pyridine.

Alkyl chlorides are obtained by the reaction of 1οor2ο alcohols with thionyl chloride (SOCl2), and pyridine. The reaction yields SO2, and HCl as by-products. The mechanism of the reaction involves two steps. The first step is conversion of the OH group into a good leaving group. The second step is nucleophilic attack by Cl through an SN2 reaction.

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 5.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  10

Figure 5

Conclusion

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 5.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Alkyl bromides are obtained by the reaction of 1οor2ο alcohols with phosphorous tribromide (PBr3). The reaction yields HOPBr2 as by-product. The mechanism of the reaction involves two steps. The first step is conversion of the OH group into a good leaving group. The second step is nucleophilic attack by Br through an SN2 reaction.

Answer to Problem 9.46P

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  11

Explanation of Solution

The given reagent is PBr3.

Alkyl bromides are obtained by the reaction of 1οor2ο alcohols with phosphorous tribromide (PBr3). The reaction yields HOPBr2 as by-product. The mechanism of the reaction involves two steps. The first step is conversion of the OH group into a good leaving group. The second step is nucleophilic attack by Br through an SN2 reaction. The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 6.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  12

Figure 6

Conclusion

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 6.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Alcohols are converted into alkyl tosylates by treatment with p-toluenesulfonylchloride(TsCl) in the presence of pyridine. The overall reaction converts OH (a poor leaving group) into OTs (a good leaving group).

Answer to Problem 9.46P

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  13

Explanation of Solution

The given reagent is TsCl,pyridine.

Alcohols are converted into alkyl tosylates by treatment with p-toluenesulfonylchloride(TsCl) in the presence of pyridine. The overall reaction converts OH (a poor leaving group) into OTs (a good leaving group).

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 7.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  14

Figure 7

Conclusion

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 7.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation: The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: An alkoxide salt is required to prepare ether. The alkoxide salts are prepared from alcohols through the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction. In this reaction, NaH or NaNH2 are especially utilized, due to the by-product of the reaction (H2orNH3).

The formed alkoxide is allowed to react with an alkyl halide to obtain ether. The mechanism of the reaction is SN2.

Answer to Problem 9.46P

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  15

Explanation of Solution

The given reagents are [1]NaH;[2]CH3CH2Br.

An alkoxide salt is required to prepare ether. The alkoxide salts are prepared from alcohols through the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction. In this reaction, NaH or NaNH2 are especially utilized, due to the by-product of the reaction (H2orNH3).

The formed alkoxide is allowed to react with an alkyl halide to obtain ether. The mechanism of the reaction is SN2.

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 8.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  16

Figure 8

Conclusion

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 8.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation: The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Alcohols are converted into alkyl tosylates by treatment with p-toluenesulfonylchloride(TsCl) in the presence of pyridine. The overall reaction converts OH (a poor leaving group) into OTs (a good leaving group).

The formed alkyl tosylate reacts with strong nucleophile (SH) and yields thiol. The mechanism of the reaction is SN2.

Answer to Problem 9.46P

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  17

Explanation of Solution

The given reagents are [1]TsCl,pyridine;[2]NaSH.

Alcohols are converted into alkyl tosylates by treatment with p-toluenesulfonylchloride(TsCl) in the presence of pyridine. The overall reaction converts OH (a poor leaving group) into OTs (a good leaving group).

The formed alkyl tosylate react with strong nucleophile (SH) and yield thiol. The mechanism of the reaction is SN2.

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 9.

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom), Chapter 9, Problem 9.46P , additional homework tip  18

Figure 9

Conclusion

The organic product(s) formed by the treatment of CH3CH2CH2OH with given reagent is drawn in Figure 9.

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Chapter 9 Solutions

Organic Chemistry-Package(Custom)

Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.11PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.12PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.13PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.14PCh. 9 - Problem 9.13 Draw the structure of each...Ch. 9 - What other alkene is also formed along with Y in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.17PCh. 9 - Explain how the reaction of CH32CHCHCl CH3 with...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.19PCh. 9 - Draw the products of each reaction, indicating the...Ch. 9 - Problem 9.19 What is the major product formed...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.22PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.23PCh. 9 - Problem 9.22 Draw the organic products formed in...Ch. 9 - Problem 9.23 Draw two steps to convert into each...Ch. 9 - Draw the products of each reaction, and indicate...Ch. 9 - Draw the products of each reaction, and include...Ch. 9 - Draw the products formed when (S)-butan-2-ol is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.29PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.30PCh. 9 - Explain why the treatment of anisole with HBr...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.32PCh. 9 - The cis and trans isomers of 2, 3-dimethyloxirane...Ch. 9 - Problem 9.36 Draw the product of each...Ch. 9 - 9.37 Name each compound depicted in the...Ch. 9 - Answer each question using the ball-and-stick...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.37PCh. 9 - a. Draw the structure of 1, 2, and 3 alcohol with...Ch. 9 - Give IUPAC name for each alcohol. a....Ch. 9 - Name each ether and epoxide. a.b.c.d.Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.41PCh. 9 - Draw the eight constitutional isomers with...Ch. 9 - Rank each group of compounds in order of: a....Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.44PCh. 9 - 9.44 Why is the boiling point of higher than...Ch. 9 - Draw the organic products formed when CH3CH2CH2OH...Ch. 9 - Draw the organic products formed when 1-methyl...Ch. 9 - What alkenes are formed when each alcohol is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.49PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.50PCh. 9 - 9.48 Draw the products of each reaction and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.52PCh. 9 - 9.52 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 9 - 9.53 Although alcohol V gives a single alkene W...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.55PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.56PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.57PCh. 9 - When CH3CH2CH2CH2OH is treated with H2SO4 NaBr,...Ch. 9 - 9.57 Draw a stepwise, detailed mechanism for the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.60PCh. 9 - Draw two different routes to each of the following...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.62PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.63PCh. 9 - 9.62 Draw a stepwise mechanism for each...Ch. 9 - Draw a stepwise, detailed mechanism for the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.66PCh. 9 - Draw the products of each reaction. a.c. b.d.Ch. 9 - When each halohydrin is treated with, a product of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.69PCh. 9 - Devise a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 9 - Draw the products of each reaction, and indicate...Ch. 9 - Prepare each compound from CH3CH2CH2CH2OH. More...Ch. 9 - Prepare each compound from cyclopentanol. More...Ch. 9 - 9.72 Identify the reagents (a–h) needed to carry...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.75PCh. 9 - 9.74 Treatment of with affords compound A and ....Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.77PCh. 9 - Prob. 9.78PCh. 9 - 9.77 Draw a stepwise, detailed mechanism for the...Ch. 9 - Dehydration of 1, 2, 2-trimethylcyclohexanol with...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.81PCh. 9 - 9.80 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 9 - 9.81 Aziridines are heterocycles that contain an...
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