BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781265202859
Author: BROOKER
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Chapter 9, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A signaling molecule binds to a receptor on a cell and the initial signal is converted into a different signal by a group of proteins. This process is known as signal transduction.
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The same signal can have different effects in different cells because there
a. are different receptor subtypes that initiate different signal transduction pathways.
b. may be different coactivators in different cells.
c. may be different target proteins in different cells’ signal transduction pathways.
d. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following is involved in signaling/communication during cellular processes:
Select one:
a.
myostatin receptor
b.
all of the above
c.
RAS
d.
acetylcholine
e.
calcium
Clear my choice
Signal transduction pathways benefit cells for all of the following reasons except :
a.
they enable different cells to respond appropriately to the same signal.
b.
they can amplify and diversify a signal.
c.
they help cells use up phosphate generated by ATP breakdown.
d.
they help cells respond to signal molecules that are too large or too polar to cross the plasma membrane
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 9.1 - Figure 9.1 Response of a yeast cell to glucose....Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.1 - Which type of signal, paracrine or endocrine, is...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 9.3 - In the case of signaling pathways involving...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9 - Prob. 1TYCh. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYCh. 9 - The relay protein Ras is part of the EGF pathway...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYCh. 9 - Prob. 1CQCh. 9 - Conceptual Questions What are the three stages of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3CQCh. 9 - Prob. 1COQCh. 9 - Prob. 2COQ
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- The receptor-associated proteins called G proteins... A. bind GTP. B. can activate or inhibit an effector protein, e.g. adenyl cyclase. C. interact with membrane-associated proteins to influence their function. D. both a and b E. a, b, and carrow_forwardup-regulation and dow-regulation of receptors are a. can only occur in muscle cells b. not found outside muscle tissue c. the result of neural control over homeostasis d. made possible by the constant degradation of cell surface receptors and the constantly changing cell membranearrow_forwardAll cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.arrow_forward
- A small number of cell surface receptors and low amounts of signals (ligands) can generate a large intracellular response as each step of the signal transduction pathway can be expanded by... A. gene amplification, i.e. increasing the number of target genes. B. enzyme-mediated signal amplification, e.g. phosphorylation cascades. C. the synthesis of new proteins. D. ATP Synthase, e.g. by building proton (H+) gradients.arrow_forwardParacrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are a. produced by the cell itself. b. secreted by neighboring cells. c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells. d. secreted by distant cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding polarized membranes is incorrect? a. There is a separation of the charge by a membrane, resulting in its ability to do work. b. An RMP of –60 mV indicates that there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. c. A resting membrane potential (RMP) of –90 mV indicates the there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. d. There is a difference in the charges found on the inside of the membrane to the outside.arrow_forward
- An unknown ion is flowing out of a neuron, creating an inhibitory response. This unknown ion must... Multiple choices A. Create an end plate potential B. be negatively charged C. be positively charged D. be highly concentrated outside of the neuron E. Be a result of a metabotropic signaling cascadearrow_forwardThe following are components involved in GPCR signaling, except for: a. ligand b. second messenger c. G proteins d. all of the above e. none of the abovearrow_forwardIntracellular receptors bind to signaling molecules that are A. anionic. B. cationic. C. nonpolar. D. polypeptides.arrow_forward
- in the number of receptors a cell has when it is getting "Up-regulation" refers to a(n). stimulation. Oa decrease too much b.decrease: not enough c increase; too much d. increase; not enough e. none of the abovearrow_forwardA biochemist is designing a new drug that will mimic the shape and function of a particular intercellular signaling molecule. Therefore she must produce a molecule that will bind to the receptor protein and... A. produce a cellular response by altering the Na+/K+ pump located near the receptor site. B. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately prevent a cellular response. C. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately produce a cellular response. D. induce a change in the phospholipid bilayer that causes a polar reversal allowing the molecules to be endocytose (engulfed).arrow_forward40. Notch receptors operate through juxtacrine signaling which requires A. close physical association between the signal-emitting and signal-receiving cells B. cells far away from each other communicating through chemical messengers C. a cell to release a ligand that binds to a receptor on its own surface D. None of the abovearrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license