BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781265202859
Author: BROOKER
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Chapter 9, Problem 4TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The ligand, which is a signaling molecule, shows high degree of specificity towards its receptor. The binding between ligand and receptor occurs when they collide in the correct orientation and form ligand-receptor complex.
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A ligand binds to the extracellular portion of a receptor. Another ligand binds to an identical half of the same receptor. When this happens, the two halves come together and the intracellular portion adds phosphates from ATP to tyrosine amino acids it the receptor structure. This passage describes what kind of receptor?
Select one:
a. A G-protein coupled receptor
b. A receptor tyrosine kinase
c. A receptor tyrosine phosphatase
d. A ligand-gated kinase channel
Explain whether the specificity of interaction will be high or low for each given situation.
a. The concentration of the ligand's complex to the target receptor equates to the concentration of the ligand's complex to off-targets.
b. The target receptor's total concentration is very much higher than the off-target's total concentration.
Explain whether the specificity of interaction will be high or low for each given situation.
a. The value of KD of the ligand's interaction to the target receptor is very much lower than the value of KD of the ligand's interaction to off-targets.
b. The ligand concentration [L] is higher than the KD value of its interaction with the target and the KD value of its interaction to off-targets.
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 9.1 - Figure 9.1 Response of a yeast cell to glucose....Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.1 - Which type of signal, paracrine or endocrine, is...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 9.3 - In the case of signaling pathways involving...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9 - Prob. 1TYCh. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYCh. 9 - The relay protein Ras is part of the EGF pathway...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYCh. 9 - Prob. 1CQCh. 9 - Conceptual Questions What are the three stages of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3CQCh. 9 - Prob. 1COQCh. 9 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Avidin (egg white) protein binds with biotin ligand with Kd = 1 X 10 -15 M whereas calmodulin is a protein that binds to Ca+2 ions has Kd = 1 X 10 -6 M a.) Interpret the data regarding an attraction between a protein and its ligand based on the Kd values for two proteins? If somebody is allergic to egg white. Do you think eating biotin would be a good idea?arrow_forwardIn relation to Cushing’s Syndrome, a method that some scientists have used to treat the disease is to use small molecules that bind to, but do not activate, MC2R. This type of molecule is considered an antagonist. How can an antagonist bind to the same receptor as ACTH but not activate it ? a. The antagonist binds covalently while ACTH binds non covalently b. The antagonist is only partially complimentary to the binding pocket of MC2R c. The antagonist binds to ACTH and blocks it from binding to the receptor properly d. The antagonist is the exact same structure as ACTH but since it is synthetic it doesn’t workarrow_forwarda. Agonist Vs Antagonist b. Receptor Vs enzyme c. Physiologic antagonist Vs inverse agonist d. Facilitated diffusion Vs primary active transport e. Pharmacodynamics Vs Pharmacokinetics Differenciate between them.arrow_forward
- A biochemist is designing a new drug that will mimic the shape and function of a particular intercellular signaling molecule. Therefore she must produce a molecule that will bind to the receptor protein and... A. produce a cellular response by altering the Na+/K+ pump located near the receptor site. B. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately prevent a cellular response. C. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately produce a cellular response. D. induce a change in the phospholipid bilayer that causes a polar reversal allowing the molecules to be endocytose (engulfed).arrow_forwardYou perform a competition study on a GPCR. You have isolated the plasma membrane from cells which contains the GPCR of interest. If an agonist and an inverse agonist are at equal concentrations in your study but the inverse agonist has a 10 x higher affinity for the receptor than the agonist, what would you expect to be the overall outcome to be? More of the agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its active conformation and is stimulated More of the inverse agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its inactive conformation and is unstimulated.arrow_forwardGive detailed Solution with explanationarrow_forward
- Which of the following are methods of cellular signaling? Select one: a. All the answers are correct. b. Connections through fibers of the ECM from one cell to another c. Ligand binding to a receptor in the cell membrane d. Desmosomes ‘pulling’ one cell to another e. Lipid or gas ligand binding to an intracellular receptorarrow_forwardSpeculate on what the receptor sites for each of these molecules might be in terms of shape and polarity. Suggest an amino acid that could be part of the structure of that receptor site. What is an amino acid that would not line up with the surface properties of each of these compounds (1 for each). (Hint: you can look up the amino acids and their properties. Remember what we’ve talked about in terms of said surface properties and binding).arrow_forwardInteracellular receptors bind a. Hydrophilic molecules B. Cell membrane receptors c. Second messengers such as Camp d. Protein hormones e. Small signals that can diffuse through the cell membranearrow_forward
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