BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781265202859
Author: BROOKER
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Chapter 9, Problem 1CQ
Summary Introduction
To describe: Two reasons that suggests that cell communication is necessary.
Introduction: A signal can be defined as any agent such as
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Considering this graph of membrane potential, what is most likely occurring during the period indicated by the green box?
Please explain what the resting membrane potential is and its value. Make sure you include all structures involved in the creation and maintenance of the resting membrane potential.
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Membrane potential is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from -40 mV to -80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions as a battery and transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. In non-excitable cells, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is about -70 mV. At rest, there are relatively more sodium ions outside the neuron and more potassium ions inside that neuron. It is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion. Structure and…
Describe the structure and function of the brain, nervous system, limbic system, and the sensorimotor system
Efficient processing of information by the central nervous system (CNS) represents an important evolutionary advantage. Thus, homeostatic mechanisms have developed that provide appropriate circumstances for neuronal signaling, including a highly controlled and stable microenvironment. To provide such a milieu for neurons, extracellular fluids of the CNS are separated from the changeable environment of blood at three major interfaces: at the brain capillaries by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The central nervous system (CNS) is tightly sealed from the changeable milieu of blood by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the bloodcerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB). Based on the description, please describe the comparison between the structure of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and the blood-CSF barrier
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 9.1 - Figure 9.1 Response of a yeast cell to glucose....Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.1 - Which type of signal, paracrine or endocrine, is...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 9.3 - In the case of signaling pathways involving...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9 - Prob. 1TYCh. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYCh. 9 - The relay protein Ras is part of the EGF pathway...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYCh. 9 - Prob. 1CQCh. 9 - Conceptual Questions What are the three stages of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3CQCh. 9 - Prob. 1COQCh. 9 - Prob. 2COQ
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- I need help pleasearrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential in neurons is described as an electrochemical gradient. You have described how the chemical gradient is created. Now, describe how the electrical gradient is established. The inside of the cell has a net [Select] charge due to the presence of [Select] Due to the charge inside the cell, the exit of [Select] 3 4 [Select] 5 [Select] 1 2 ✓down its chemical gradient is because it is by the charge in the cell. Options for each number: 1 - positive or negative 2 - Na+, K+, negatively-charged proteins and ions like Cl-, the greater concentration of Na+ outside the cell than K+ inside the cell, or the hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer 3 - Na + or K+ 4 - slow, sped up, or not changed 5 - attracted, repelled, or not affectedarrow_forwardproblem53arrow_forward
- Be sure to solve all parts otherwise I will downvote... And provide reason for your answer....arrow_forwardIn a resting cell, the membrane potential is between -70 and -90 mV. This occurs because ... Group of answer options ... proteins diffuse out of the cell ... 1.sodium ions diffuse out of the cell ... 2.potassium ions diffuse out of the cell ... 3.there are extra sodium ions outside and extra chloride ions inside themembrane ... 4there are fewer calcium ions inside the cell compared to outside which makes the inside more negativearrow_forwardQUESTION 1 Gap junctions are involved in O endocrine none of the other choices O neural paracrine QUESTION 2 Potassium ions enter a cell by active transport, diffusion O diffusion, diffusion active transport, active transport O diffusion, active transport QUESTION 3 O altering transcription signaling. Compared to water-soluble signals, lipid-soluble signals are more likely to produce their effects on the target cell by: activating enzymes at the plasma membrane opening or closing ion channels QUESTION 4 and exit a cell by Opening potassium ion channels in a neuron will lead to the cell interior becoming: less negative, which is hyperpolarization less negative, which is depolarization more negative, which is hyperpolarization O more negative, which is depolarizationarrow_forward
- What is the most important thing, i.e. what has the biggest impact of determining the resting membrane potential of a cell?arrow_forwardThe membrane of most cells, including neurons, contains passive, open, K' leak channels. Given the normal K' concentrations and the resultant concentration gradient, which direction would K' be expected to move (diffuse) through these leak channels? Select one: 1/into the cell 2/out of the cellarrow_forwardChloride ions (Cl-) are in higher concentration outside of the cell compared to the intracellular fluid (ICF). If a cell is at rest and chloride-specific ion channels open, identify what would happen. Choose ALL of the correct answers. 1 Some chloride will enter the cell, but the concentration gradient for chloride will not change much. 2 The membrane will hyperpolarize 3 Chloride will come into the cell until it reaches chemical equilibrium. 4 The membrane potential won't change. 5 The membrane will depolarize 6 Some chloride will leave the cell, but the concentration gradient for chloride will not change mucharrow_forward
- What is the polarized membrane state? How is it maintained? (Note the relative roles of both passive and active mechanisms.)arrow_forwardanswer question in imagearrow_forwardPart C-Comparing and Contrasting the Two Types of Voltage-Gated lon Channels Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on whether they describe similarities or differences between voltage-gated K* channels and voltage-gated Na+ channels. > View Available Hint(s) Reset Help The polarity of the substances they transport across the membrane The direction of ion movement The stimulus that triggers opening through the channel The placement of the channel protein relative to the membrane The inactivation mechanism Similarities Differencesarrow_forward
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