Concept explainers
To answer:
Antisense RNA used to terminate translation of TACAATCGCATTGAA sequence.
Introduction:
In translation, m-RNA is converted into amino acid sequences, resulting in protein synthesis. Three important components are involved in translation are m-RNA, t-RNA, and the ribosome. Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. The mRNA sequence encoded by the genetic material is translated into a specific protein. The t-RNA binds to free amino acids and transfer them to the ribosome and the amino acids are added to the growing chain of the protein sequence. The ribosome reads m-RNA and synthesizes protein based on codons present in the m-RNA sequence. The ribosome binds to the anticodon of particular tRNA according to m-RNA sequence and assembles amino acids corresponding to mRNA codons. Three
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EBK MICROBIOLOGY:W/DISEASES BY BODY...-
- Many antibiotics are effective as drugs to fight off bacterial infections because they inhibit protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Using the information provided in the following table that highlights several antibiotics and their mode of action, discuss which phase of translation is inhibited: initiation, elongation, or termination. What other components of the translational machinery could be targeted to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis? Antibiotic Action 1. Streptomycin Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit 2. Chloramphenicol Inhibits peptidyl transferase of 70S ribosome 3. Tetracycline Inhibits binding of charged tRNA to the A site of the ribosome 4. Erythromycin Binds to free 50S particle and prevents formation of 70S ribosome 5. Kasugamycin Inhibits binding of tRNAfMet 6. Thiostrepton Prevents translocation by inhibiting EF-Garrow_forwardResearchers are studying the mechanism of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. They know that it prevents the formation of peptide bonds during translation. A model of the translation process is shown in the diagram. Which of the following describes where in the model chloramphenicol acts to interfere with the production of proteins from DNA? during initiation during elongation during termination during protein releasearrow_forwardA) Describe each step of the DNA REPLICATION in EUKARYOTIC organismsB) Describe each step of the TRANSCRIPTION in EUKARYOTIC organisms.C) Describe each step of the TRANSLATION. Please answer all if you can! thank youarrow_forward
- The following segment of DNA is part of the RNA-coding sequence of a transcription unit. If the bottom strand is template, which of the following RNA sequences would be transcribed? DNA: 5-'ATAGGCGATGCCA-3' 3'-TATCCGCTACGGT-5' O 5'-UAUCCGCUACGGU-3' O 5'-ACCGUAGCGGAUA-3' O 5'-AUAGGCGAUGCCA-3' O 5'-UGGCAUCGCCUAU-3'arrow_forwardFor each of the following initiation factors, how would eukaryoticinitiation of translation be affected if it were missing?A. eIF2B. eIF4C. eIF5arrow_forwardFor each of the following initiation factors, how would eukaryotic initiation of translation be affected if it were missing? A. eIF 2 B. eIF4 C. eIF5arrow_forward
- #38arrow_forwardThe following fictitious double-stranded bacterial DNA sequence codes for a fictitious protein. Both strands are shown; the top strand reads 5' to 3' left to right, while the bottom strand reads 5' to 3' right to left. Transcription begins with and includes the red underlined A/T (top strand/bottom strand) base pair. This is a bacterial sequence, so there are no introns. 5'GTGTCCGTATGATATTGTGAGATGTTATATCCCGCCGTCAACACCATAAAACAGGATAATCGCCTGCTGGGGCAAAGGCGGTGAAGGTAAAGGTGTTGCC 3′ 3' CACAGGCATACTATAACACTCTACAATATAGGGCGGCAGTTGTGGTATTTTGTCCTAT TAGCGGACGACCCCGTTTCCGCCACTTCCATTTCCACAACGG 5′ a) Which strand is used as a template for transcription, the top or the bottom? b) What are the first 15 nucleotides of the resulting mRNA? Indicate the 5' and 3' ends. c) What is the translation of the first 15 nucleotides of the mRNA? d) Do the underlined nucleotides TAA encode a stop codon for the protein? Explain. e) A mutation occurs which results in the insertion of an extra G/C (top strand/bottom…arrow_forwardArrange the following components of translation in the approximate order in which they would appear or be used in prokaryotic protein synthesis: 70S initiation complex 30S initiation complex release factor 1 elongation factor G initiation factor 3 elongation factor Tu fMet-tRNAifMetarrow_forward
- Arrange the following components of translation in the approximate order in which they would appear or be used in prokaryotic protein synthesis: 70S initiation complex 30S initiation complex release factor 1 elongation factor G initiation factor 3 elongation factor Tu fMet-tRNAi fMetarrow_forwardUse the identity of the drug target to find the nucleic acid sequence of the gene that encodes the drug target. (Be careful; do you need to find genomic sequence, a CDNA sequence or an MRNA sequence?). Identify the start and stop codons.arrow_forwardWhat is the sequence of the mRNA transcript that will be produced from the following sequence of DNA? The top strand is the template strand, the bottom strand is the coding strand. 5’ – TCGGGATTAGACGCACGTTGGCATACCTCG – 3’ 3’ – AGCCCTAATCTGCGTGCAACCGTATGGAGC – 5’ Enter the mRNA sequence here (pay close attention to the direction of the molecule!): 5'-_____-3'arrow_forward
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