Chapter 8, Problem 46A

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following reaction between strong acid and strong base should be completed and balanced:

  ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{(aq) + KOH(aq) }\to$

Concept Introduction: The reaction between a strong base and a strong acid result in the production of an ionic salt and water. The ionic salt is composed of cation from strong base and anion from strong acid. This type of reactions is said to be neutralization reaction.

The reactions for those the number of atoms of each element in the reactant and in the product, side are equal, such reactions are said to be a balanced chemical equation.

Answer to Problem 46A

  ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{(aq) + KOH(aq) }\to \underset{\_}{{\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}(\text{aq})}{\text{ + H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is:

  ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{(aq) + KOH(aq) }\to$

The strong acid and strong base in the given reaction is ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ (as it gives ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ) and $\text{KOH}$ (as it gives ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ) respectively. Now, this reaction result in the production of an ionic salt and water. The ionic salt is composed of cation, ${\text{K}}^{+}$ from strong base, $\text{KOH}$ and anion, ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{-}}$ from strong acid, ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ . So, the formula of the salt is ${\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}$ . Thus, the complete reaction is:

  ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{(aq) + KOH(aq) }\to \underset{\_}{{\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}(\text{aq})}{\text{ + H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$

The above reaction is balanced as the number of atoms of each element is same on both sides of the reaction.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following reaction between strong acid and strong base should be completed and balanced:

  ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4{\text{(aq) + Ba(OH)}}_2\text{(aq) }\to$

Concept Introduction: The reaction between a strong base and a strong acid result in the production of an ionic salt and water. The ionic salt is composed of cation from strong base and anion from strong acid. This type of reactions is said to be neutralization reaction.

The reactions for those the number of atoms of each element in the reactant and in the product, side are equal, such reactions are said to be a balanced chemical equation.

Answer to Problem 46A

  ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4{\text{(aq) + Ba(OH)}}_2\text{(aq) }\to \underset{\_}{{\text{BaSO}}_4(\text{s})}{\text{ + 2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is:

  ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4{\text{(aq) + Ba(OH)}}_2\text{(aq) }\to$

The strong acid and strong base in the given reaction is ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ (as it gives 2 ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ) and ${\text{Ba(OH)}}_2$ (as it gives 2 ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ) respectively. Now, this reaction result in the production of an ionic salt and water. The ionic salt is composed of cation, ${\text{Ba}}^{2+}$ from strong base, ${\text{Ba(OH)}}_2$ and anion, ${\text{SO}}_4^{\text{2-}}$ from strong acid, ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ . So, the formula of the salt is ${\text{BaSO}}_4$ . Thus, the complete reaction is:

  ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4{\text{(aq) + Ba(OH)}}_2\text{(aq) }\to \underset{\_}{{\text{BaSO}}_4(\text{s})}{\text{ + H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$

The above reaction is unbalanced as the number of atoms of each element is not same on both sides of the reaction. So, in order to balance the reaction coefficient 2 is written before ${\text{ H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ on the product side. Hence, the complete balanced reaction is:

  ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4{\text{(aq) + Ba(OH)}}_2\text{(aq) }\to \underset{\_}{{\text{BaSO}}_4(\text{s})}{\text{ + 2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following reaction between strong acid and strong base should be completed and balanced:

  ${\text{HClO}}_4\text{(aq) + NaOH(aq) }\to$

Concept Introduction: The reaction between a strong base and a strong acid result in the production of an ionic salt and water. The ionic salt is composed of cation from strong base and anion from strong acid. This type of reactions is said to be neutralization reaction.

The reactions for those the number of atoms of each element in the reactant and in the product, side are equal, such reactions are said to be a balanced chemical equation.

Answer to Problem 46A

  ${\text{HClO}}_4\text{(aq) + NaOH(aq) }\to \underset{\_}{{\text{NaClO}}_4(\text{aq})}{\text{ + H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is:

  ${\text{HClO}}_4\text{(aq) + NaOH(aq) }\to$

The strong acid and strong base in the given reaction is ${\text{HClO}}_4$ (as it gives ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ) and $\text{NaOH}$ (as it gives ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ) respectively. Now, this reaction result in the production of an ionic salt and water. The ionic salt is composed of cation, ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ from strong base, $\text{NaOH}$ and anion, ${\text{ClO}}_4^{\text{-}}$ from strong acid, ${\text{HClO}}_4$ . So, the formula of the salt is ${\text{NaClO}}_4$ . Thus, the complete reaction is:

  ${\text{HClO}}_4\text{(aq) + NaOH(aq) }\to \underset{\_}{{\text{NaClO}}_4(\text{aq})}{\text{ + H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$

The above reaction is balanced as the number of atoms of each element is same on both sides of the reaction.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The following reaction between strong acid and strong base should be completed and balanced:

  ${\text{HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)}}_2\text{(aq) }\to$

Concept Introduction: The reaction between a strong base and a strong acid result in the production of an ionic salt and water. The ionic salt is composed of cation from strong base and anion from strong acid. This type of reactions is said to be neutralization reaction.

The reactions for those the number of atoms of each element in the reactant and in the product, side are equal, such reactions are said to be a balanced chemical equation.

Answer to Problem 46A

  ${\text{2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)}}_2\text{(aq) }\to \underset{\_}{{\text{CaCl}}_2(\text{aq})}{\text{ + 2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is:

  ${\text{HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)}}_2\text{(aq) }\to$

The strong acid and strong base in the given reaction is $\text{HCl}$ (as it gives ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ ) and ${\text{Ca(OH)}}_2$ (as it gives 2 ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ ) respectively. Now, this reaction result in the production of an ionic salt and water. The ionic salt is composed of cation, ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ from strong base, ${\text{Ca(OH)}}_2$ and anion, ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$ from strong acid, $\text{HCl}$ . So, the formula of the salt is ${\text{CaCl}}_2$ . Thus, the complete reaction is:

  ${\text{HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)}}_2\text{(aq) }\to \underset{\_}{{\text{CaCl}}_2(\text{aq})}{\text{ + H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$

The above reaction is unbalanced as the number of atoms of each element is not same on both sides of the reaction. So, in order to balance the reaction coefficient 2 is written before $\text{HCl}$ on the reactant side and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ on the product side. Hence, the complete balanced reaction is:

  ${\text{2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)}}_2\text{(aq) }\to \underset{\_}{{\text{CaCl}}_2(\text{aq})}{\text{ + 2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O(l)}$