Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 7.3, Problem 2C
Summary Introduction
To determine: Whether Reaction 1 at equilibrium or Reaction 2 not at equilibrium does any work or not.
Introduction: The equilibrium constant represents the relation between reactants and products in a reaction at equilibrium. The concentrations of reactants and products are constant at equilibrium. Under conditions of a biochemical reaction, free energy (G) is defined as the amount of energy available to perform work.
Summary Introduction
To determine: Which reaction does work, Reaction 1 which is at equilibrium or Reaction 2 which is not at equilibrium.
Introduction: The equilibrium constant represents the relation between reactants and products in a reaction at equilibrium. The concentrations of reactants and products are constant at equilibrium. Under conditions of a biochemical reaction, free energy (G) is defined as the amount of energy available to perform work.
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The equilibrium constant for the reaction Q → R is 25. Solve, (a) If 50 μM of Q is mixed with 50 μM of R, which way will the reaction proceed to generate more Q or more R? (b) Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of Q and R.
Which of the following statements is true? (a) The largerthe Q, the larger the ΔG°. (b) If Q = 0, the system is at equilibrium.(c) If a reaction is spontaneous under standardconditions, it is spontaneous under all conditions. (d) Thefree-energy change for a reaction is independent of temperature.(e) If Q > 1, ΔG > ΔG°.
Calculate the value of AG, if the value of AH is +1200 Kcal/mol, AS is +60 Kcal/mol,
and the reaction takes place at 300 K. Once you calculate the value of AG, you can
predict the reaction is
+16800 Kcal/mol, non-spontaneous/unfavorable
- 16800 Kcal/mol, spontaneous/favorable
-19200 Kcal/mol, spontaneous/favorable
+ 19200 Kcal/mol, non-spontaneous/unfavorable
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Define energy, emphasizing how it is related to...Ch. 7.1 - Use examples to contrast potential energy and...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.2 - Life is sometimes described as a constant struggle...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 6LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 7.4 - Explain how the chemical structure of ATP allows...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 7.5 - Relate the transfer of electrons (or hydrogen...Ch. 7.5 - PREDICT Which has the most energy, the oxidized...Ch. 7.6 - Explain how an enzyme lowers the required energy...Ch. 7.6 - Describe specific ways enzymes are regulated.Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.6 - How does the function of the active site of an...Ch. 7.6 - How are temperature and pH optima of an enzyme...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 4CCh. 7 - Which of the following can do work in a cell? (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 7 - Test Your Understanding 4. Diffusion is an (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 7 - Test Your Understanding 8. Induced fit means that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 7 - PREDICT In the following reaction series, which...Ch. 7 - Test Your Understanding 12. EVOLUTION link All...Ch. 7 - EVOLUTION LINK Some have argued that evolution is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 16TYU
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Similar questions
- The following questions are based on the reaction A+ B ↔ C+D shown in Figure 8.1. 1. Which of the following terms best describes the progress of the reaction with respect to free energy change? a) endergonic, ∆G> 0 b) exergonic, ∆G> 0 c) exergonic, ∆G< 0 d) endergonic, ∆G< 0 2. Which of the following in Figure 8.1 remains unchanged by having an enzyme included? a) b b) d c) a d) c 3. The part labeled “C” on the above graph represents a) Energy of activation without enzyme b) Energy of activation with enzyme c) Amount of free energy released d) amount of energy required for the reaction progressarrow_forwardch Select all statements that are correct. Note there might be more than 1 correct statement. From the Lineweaver-Burk plot the equilibrium constant (Keq) can be obtained The Lineweaver-Burk plot gives a more accurate prediction for Vmax than the Michaelis- Menten plot The Lineweaver-Burk plot assumes that products and reactants are present at equal concentrations during the entire time of the reaction The Lineweaver-Burk plot shows velocity of reaction vs substrate concentration The Lineweaver-Burk plot shows 1/velocity of reaction vs 1/substrate concentration O 20°C D) // Earrow_forwardConsider the mechanism below. (i) Identify Asp X's function in the first step of the reaction. Expla how you determined this and why Asp X's function is increasing the rate. (ii) Identify Asp X's fu in the second step of the reaction. (iii) For His D, explain how it contributes to the reaction and why that contribution increases the reaction rate. Asp X o HN Asp X o N. N. H. Coo His D Co0o-H His D OR HO, O. LOR HO. HO- но. HN Asn N HN Asn N ndn Asp Z Asp Zarrow_forward
- pls explain as wellarrow_forwardFor the following reaction X + YA + B at 300 K, it is found equilibrium constant equal to 10. Therefore, AG & AGⓇ of the reaction at 300 K respectively are - Answer barrow_forwardWhat are the benefits of measuring the initial rate of a reaction Vå for use in kinetic studies? (This is a multi-select question). [ES] can be measured accurately. changes in [S] are negligible, so the value of [S] is known. changes in Km are negligible, so Km can be treated as a constant. V₁ = Vmax. --> A negligible amount of product has formed, so that the back reaction P -- need not be considered. ESarrow_forward
- What do the following indicators tell you about whether a reaction can proceed as written? (a) The standard free-energy change is positive. (b) The free-energy change is positive. (c) The reaction is exergonicarrow_forwardConsider the nonenzymatic elementary reaction A → B. When the concentration of A is 20 mM, the reaction velocity is measured as 5 μM B produced per minute. (a) Calculate the rate constant for this reaction. (b) What is the molecularity of the reaction?arrow_forwardCan adding a catalyst make a non-spontaneous reaction spontaneous? If yes, how (what does the catalyst do that makes the reaction spontaneous?), and if no, why not?arrow_forward
- Consider the multistep reaction below. What is the balanced chemical equation of the overall reaction? A) 2 A + B + C → C + D + 2E B) 2 A + B → 2 E k1 2A + B C + D (slow) C) 2 A + B → 2 E + D k2 C 2E (fast) D) 2 A + B – D E) 2 A + B + C → D + 2 Earrow_forwardCalculate the standard free energy change (ΔG°′) for the following reaction: ½ O2 + FADH2 → H2O + FADarrow_forwardConsider the analogy of the jiggling box containing coins that was described on page 85. The reaction, the flipping of coins that either face heads up (h) or tails up (T), is described by the equation h ↔ T, where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.a. What are ΔG and ΔG° in this analogy? b. What corresponds to the temperature at which the reaction proceeds? What corresponds to the activation energy of the reaction? assume you have an “enzyme,” called jigglase, which catalyzes this reaction. What would the effect of jigglase be and what, mechanically, might jigglase do in this analogy?arrow_forward
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