Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 7.3, Problem 4LO
Summary Introduction
To explain: The way in which changes in free energy in a reaction are related to changes in entropy and enthalpy.
Introduction: Under conditions of a biochemical reaction, free energy (G) is defined as the amount of energy available to perform work. Entropy is defined as the degree of randomness in a system and enthalpy is defined as the total potential energy of a system.
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Define potential energy and kinetic energy and provide two specific examples of each. Explain how one form of energy can be converted into another. Will some energy be lost during this conversion? If so, what form will it take?
In a transition state diagram, which of the following are features of the transition state (TS)? There
may be more than one correct answer, select all that apply.
The change in energy in ground state to the transition state represents the Gibbs Free Energy
If the reaction is reversible, the TS will only progress forward to form products
The TS occupies a trough
The TS is associated with the highest energy
The TS occupies the highest peak
Compare the energy dynamics of a reaction at equilibrium with the dynamics of a reaction not at equilibrium.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Define energy, emphasizing how it is related to...Ch. 7.1 - Use examples to contrast potential energy and...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.2 - Life is sometimes described as a constant struggle...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 6LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 7.4 - Explain how the chemical structure of ATP allows...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 7.5 - Relate the transfer of electrons (or hydrogen...Ch. 7.5 - PREDICT Which has the most energy, the oxidized...Ch. 7.6 - Explain how an enzyme lowers the required energy...Ch. 7.6 - Describe specific ways enzymes are regulated.Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.6 - How does the function of the active site of an...Ch. 7.6 - How are temperature and pH optima of an enzyme...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 4CCh. 7 - Which of the following can do work in a cell? (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 7 - Test Your Understanding 4. Diffusion is an (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 7 - Test Your Understanding 8. Induced fit means that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 7 - PREDICT In the following reaction series, which...Ch. 7 - Test Your Understanding 12. EVOLUTION link All...Ch. 7 - EVOLUTION LINK Some have argued that evolution is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 16TYU
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- Explain why constructing a building with bricks, boars, and cement is analogous to an anabolic reaction, and then describe a similar analogy for a catabolic reaction: Energy: Kinetic Energy: Potential Energy: Energy Energy Thermal Bond Energy: Draw the Potential Energy Diag Kinetic Electromagnetic Mechanical Potential Gravitational Electrical Chemical Potentialarrow_forwardFor a reaction to be spontaneous, which of the following factors should have a negative sign? A Enthalpy and A Entropy A Temperature A Gibbs Free Energy and A Enthalpy AGibb's Free Energy, AEnthalpy and A Entropy Sellarrow_forwardWhat are the Determinants of Reaction Rates?arrow_forward
- What statements concerning free energy change are true or false? a. Free energy change is a measure of the rate of a reaction. b. Free energy change is a measure of the maximum amount of work available from a reaction. c. Free energy change is a constant for a reaction under any conditions. d. Free energy is related to the equilibrium constant for a specific reaction. e. Free energy change is equal to zero at equilibriumarrow_forwardDrag and drop the statements to the correct box: Enzymes DO: Decrease required activation energy Enzymes DON'T: Remain unchanged during the reaction Increase the reaction rate Energy Change the products made Activation energy (X+Y) reactants Change the reactants used Activation Energy A Activation energy (Y→X) products ΔΗ Reaction path Reaction without catalyst Reaction with catalyst Name two things we learned that can denature an enzyme:arrow_forwardIn terms of potential and kinetic energy where does the energy comes from that allows an enzyme to lower the activation energy of a reaction? Is thermal energy involved?arrow_forward
- Identify the letter (A, B, C) that indicates the change in the energy of the entire reaction according to this energy profile. Explain why you choose the particular energy change. Include in your answer information about the ones you did not chose. alyzed Reaction Energy Exothermic Reaction Profilearrow_forwardDespite the thermal stability of covalent bonds in physiological systems, some of these bonds are sensitive to energy input from external sources. The molecule can absorb heat from the environment without changing its chemical structure, as will occur when there is a local temperature increase. If the increase in energy is above kT (i.e., the entire environment has not increased its temperature), the molecule will come to thermal equilibrium with the environment around it, and return to its original energy state. Which one of the following physiological process is example to this? Select one : a. Absorbance of light by 11-cis-retinal. b. Translucent to opaque conversion of egg whites after cooking. C. Absorbance of light by melanın. d. a & b e. a & c f.b&c g. a, b & carrow_forwardOn the free energy diagram shown, label the intermediate (s) and transition state(s). Is the reaction thermodynamically favorable? Reaction.arrow_forward
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