Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 9TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Biochemical pathway is a long chain of
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Students have asked these similar questions
1. • Active site
• Substrate
• Enzyme-substrate complex
2. What is an enzyme’s role in biochemical reactions?
What is activation energy?
Inquiry and Analysis
Do Enzymes Physically Attach to
Their Substrates?
When scientists first began to examine the chemical activities of
organisms, no one knew that biochemical reactions were catalyzed
by enzymes. The first enzyme was discovered in 1833 by French
chemist Anselme Payen. He was studying how beer is made from
barley: First, barley is pressed and gently heated so its starches
break down into simple two-sugar units; then yeasts convert these
units into ethanol. Payen found that the initial breakdown requires
a chemical factor that is not alive and that does not seem to be
used up during the process-a catalyst. He called this first enzyme
diastase (we call it amylase today).
Did this catalyst operate at a distance, increasing the
reaction rate all around it, much as raising the temperature
of nearby molecules might do? Or did it use physical contact,
actually attaching to the molecules whose reaction it catalyzed
(its "substrate")?
The answer was discovered in 1903 by French…
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Define energy, emphasizing how it is related to...Ch. 7.1 - Use examples to contrast potential energy and...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.2 - Life is sometimes described as a constant struggle...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 6LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 7.4 - Explain how the chemical structure of ATP allows...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 7.5 - Relate the transfer of electrons (or hydrogen...Ch. 7.5 - PREDICT Which has the most energy, the oxidized...Ch. 7.6 - Explain how an enzyme lowers the required energy...Ch. 7.6 - Describe specific ways enzymes are regulated.Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.6 - How does the function of the active site of an...Ch. 7.6 - How are temperature and pH optima of an enzyme...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 4CCh. 7 - Which of the following can do work in a cell? (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 7 - Test Your Understanding 4. Diffusion is an (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 7 - Test Your Understanding 8. Induced fit means that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 7 - PREDICT In the following reaction series, which...Ch. 7 - Test Your Understanding 12. EVOLUTION link All...Ch. 7 - EVOLUTION LINK Some have argued that evolution is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 16TYU
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Using good details, compare and contrast the pairs of different biochemical reactions. Create your own comparing and contrasting map similar to the one below to show your understanding. Dehydration Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis Phosphorylation vs Hydrolysis Phosphorylation vs Decarboxylation Oxidation vs Reduction.arrow_forward“Induced fit” means that when a substrate binds to an enzyme’s active site, (a) it fits perfectly, like a key in a lock (b) the substrate and enzyme undergo conformational changes (c) a site other than the active site undergoes aconformational change (d) the substrate and the enzyme become irreversibly bound to each other (e) c and darrow_forwardNeed explanation in detailsarrow_forward
- How does the average reaction rate differ from an instantaneous reaction rate? © A. The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds at a specific time. B. The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds at a specific time. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time. C. The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time considering the reactants. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds at a specific time considering the products. D. The average reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds over time. An instantaneous reaction rate is how quickly the reaction proceeds compared to another reaction.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 8. Induced fit means that when a substrate binds to an enzymes active site, (a) it fits perfectly, like a key in a lock (b) the substrate and enzyme undergo conformational changes (c) a site other than the active site undergoes a conformational change (d) the substrate and the enzyme become irreversibly bound to each other (e) c and darrow_forward8). Which statement best describes 1 point the enzyme represented in the graphs? O 10 20 30 40 50 60 O 2 4 6 10 12 Temperature ("C) PH (1) This enzyme works best at a temperature of 50°C and a pH of 12. (2) Temperature and pH have no effect on the action of this enzyme. (3) This enzyme works best at a temperature above 50°C and a pH above 12. (4) This enzyme works best at a temperature of 35°C and a pH of 8. Relative Rate of Enzyme Action Relative Rate of Enzyme Actionarrow_forward
- A dichotomous key works by determining positive and negative reactions to different biochemicals. Why does this method allow us to identify one species of organism from another? – for this question, do not describe the dichotomous key procedure, think about why it works, what are biochemical reactions based on? Think enzymatic pathways, what are enzymes, what are they a reflection of? Keep the answer between 2-3 sentencesarrow_forward(a) Induced fit (b) Active site (c) Transition state (d) AG" (e) Coenzymes (f) Holoenzyme (g) Apoenzyme (h) Cofactor (i) Substrate (j) Enzyme Suicide Inhibitor Oxyanion hole Catalytic triad Alkoxide ion Specificity pocket Protease Competitive inhibitor Uncompetitive inhibitor Noncompetitive inhibitor Siamese Cats 1. Enzyme minus its cofactor 2. Reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction 3. A coenzyme or metal 4. The least stable reaction intermediate 5. Protein catalyst 6. Site where enzyme catalysis takes place 7. Function of K'eq 8. Change in enzyme structure 9. Enzyme plus cofactor 10. Small vitamin-derived organic cofactors (1) Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Phenylalanine (2) Inhibitor and substrate bind simultaneousl (3) Tyrosinase (4) Potent nucleophile (5) Binds enzyme/substrate complex only (6) Irreversible (7) Active site (8) Inhibitor binds active site (9) Stabilizes tetrahedral intermediate (10) Hydrolysisarrow_forwardCongratulations! You have just secured a great job in a pharmaceutical company. You are doing an experiment in which you are measuring the rate at which succinic acid is converted to fumaric acid by an enzyme succinic dehydrogenase because you want to design a drug that can block this step in the metabolic pathway of a pathogenic bacteria. You decide to add a little malonic acid to make things interesting.. You observe that the reaction rate slows markedly and being a very smart graduate of Medgar Evers College, you conclude that malonic acid must be acting as an inhibitor. Design an experiment that will help you decide if malonic acid is acting as a competitive inhibitor or a noncompetitive inhibitor. Go to work and expect a promotion. Good luck.arrow_forward
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