The two factors that affect the spontaneity of a reaction have to be determined. Concept Introduction: A spontaneous process takes place without the influence of any external source whereas a nonspontaneous process needs an external source to take place. Enthalpy ( H ) : It is the total amount of heat in a particular system. If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction. Entropy ( S ) : it is used to describe the disorder. It is the amount of arrangements possible in a system at a particular state. If the disorder increases in a system, then Δ S > 0 If the disorder decreases in a system, then Δ S < 0 Free energy change ( Δ G ) : change in the free energy takes place while reactants convert to product. Spontaneous reactions releases the free energy and has Δ G < 0 (exergonic) Nonspontaneous reactions absorbs the free energy and has Δ G > 0 (endergonic)

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Chapter 7, Problem 7.33AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two factors that affect the spontaneity of a reaction have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A spontaneous process takes place without the influence of any external source whereas a nonspontaneous process needs an external source to take place.

Enthalpy (H): It is the total amount of heat in a particular system.
If the value obtained for ΔH in a reaction is positive then it is an endothermic reaction whereas the value obtained for ΔH is negative it is an exothermic reaction.

Entropy (S): it is used to describe the disorder. It is the amount of arrangements possible in a system at a particular state.
If the disorder increases in a system, then ΔS>0

If the disorder decreases in a system, then ΔS<0

Free energy change (ΔG): change in the free energy takes place while reactants convert to product.
Spontaneous reactions releases the free energy and has ΔG<0 (exergonic)

Nonspontaneous reactions absorbs the free energy and has ΔG>0 (endergonic)

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