Chapter 7, Problem 5E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 1 and 6 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. They may have different arrangements but by rotation the molecule become superimposable to the other.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 2 and 3 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 2 and 4 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 4 and 5 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 5 and 8 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 2 and 7 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 8 and 9 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 7 and 10 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 11 and 12 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 11 and 13 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 12 and 13 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 11 and 2 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(m)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 11 and 3 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(m)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 12 and 2 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(n)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 12 and 3 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.

(o)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relationship between pair 7 and 14 needs to be described.

Concept Introduction: The possible relationship between two structures depends on the molecular formula and structural arrangement of atoms in the molecules.

The possible relations are as follows:

Identical: Two molecular structures are identical if they have same molecular formula as well as same arrangement of atoms. The bonding substituent and their positions are same in the identical molecules.

Conformers: Two molecules are said to be conformer if they have different orientation of atoms by rotation around a single bond. They are also known as conformational isomer. For example, eclipse and staggered conformation.

Configurational isomer: They cannot be converted into one another due to the rotation around a single bond. For example, geometric and optical isomers. They can be interconverted after breaking of old bonds and making of new bonds.

Constitutional isomer: They are also known as structural isomers. They have same molecular formula, but the bonding of groups is different. For example, n-pentane and isopentane.