Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 59P
To determine
Speed of a person running.
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Consider 1 mole of supercooled water at -10°C. Calculate the entropy change of the water when the
supercooled water freezes at -10°C and 1 atm.
Useful data:
Cp (ice) = 38 J mol-1 K-1
Cp (water) 75J mol −1
K
-1
Afus H (0°C) 6026 J mol −1
Assume Cp (ice) and Cp (water) to be independent of temperature.
The molar enthalpy of vaporization of benzene at its normal boiling point (80.09°C) is 30.72 kJ/mol.
Assuming that AvapH and AvapS stay constant at their values at 80.09°C, calculate the value of
AvapG at 75.0°C, 80.09°C, and 85.0°C.
Hint: Remember that the liquid and vapor phases will be in equilibrium at the normal boiling point.
3. The entropy of an ideal gas is S = Nkg In V. Entropy is a state function rather than a path
function, and in this problem, you will show an example of the entropy change for an ideal gas
being the same when you go between the same two states by two different pathways.
A. Express ASV = S2 (V2) - S₁(V1), the change in entropy upon changing the volume from V₁to
V2, at fixed particle number N and energy, U.
B. Express ASN = S₂(N₂) - S₁ (N₁), the change in entropy upon changing the particle number
from N₁ to N2, at fixed volume V and energy U.
C. Write an expression for the entropy change, AS, for a two-step process (V₁, N₁) →
(V2, N₁) → (V2, N₂) in which the volume changes first at fixed particle number, then the particle
number changes at fixed volume. Again, assume energy is constant.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Ch. 7.1 - By what transfer mechanisms does energy enter and...Ch. 7.1 - Consider a block sliding over a horizontal surface...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 7.3QQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 7.4QQCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.5QQCh. 7 - You hold a slingshot at arms length, pull the...Ch. 7 - An athlete jumping vertically on a trampoline...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3OQCh. 7 - Two children stand on a platform at the top of a...Ch. 7 - Answer yes or no to each of the following...
Ch. 7 - A ball of clay falls freely to the hard floor. It...Ch. 7 - What average power is generated by a 70.0-kg...Ch. 7 - In a laboratory model of cars skidding to a stop,...Ch. 7 - At the bottom of an air track tilted at angle , a...Ch. 7 - One person drops a ball from the top of a building...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2CQCh. 7 - Does everything have energy? Give the reasoning...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4CQCh. 7 - Prob. 5CQCh. 7 - Prob. 6CQCh. 7 - A block is connected to a spring that is suspended...Ch. 7 - Consider the energy transfers and transformations...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9CQCh. 7 - Prob. 10CQCh. 7 - Prob. 1PCh. 7 - Prob. 2PCh. 7 - Review. A bead slides without friction around a...Ch. 7 - At 11:00 a.m, on September 7, 2001, more than one...Ch. 7 - A block of mass 0.250 kg is placed on top of a...Ch. 7 - A block of mass m = 5.00 kg is released from point...Ch. 7 - Two objects are connected by a light string...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8PCh. 7 - Prob. 9PCh. 7 - Prob. 10PCh. 7 - Prob. 11PCh. 7 - A crate of mass 10.0 kg is pulled up a rough...Ch. 7 - Prob. 13PCh. 7 - Prob. 14PCh. 7 - A block of mass m = 2.00 kg is attached to a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 16PCh. 7 - A smooth circular hoop with a radius of 0.500 m is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18PCh. 7 - Prob. 19PCh. 7 - As shown in Figure P7.20, a green bead of mass 25...Ch. 7 - A 5.00-kg block is set into motion up an inclined...Ch. 7 - The coefficient of friction between the block of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 23PCh. 7 - Prob. 24PCh. 7 - Prob. 25PCh. 7 - Prob. 26PCh. 7 - A child of mass m starts from rest and slides...Ch. 7 - The electric motor of a model train accelerates...Ch. 7 - Prob. 29PCh. 7 - Prob. 30PCh. 7 - Prob. 31PCh. 7 - Sewage at a certain pumping station is raised...Ch. 7 - Prob. 33PCh. 7 - Prob. 34PCh. 7 - Prob. 35PCh. 7 - Prob. 36PCh. 7 - Prob. 37PCh. 7 - Prob. 38PCh. 7 - Prob. 39PCh. 7 - Prob. 40PCh. 7 - A loaded ore car has a mass of 950 kg and rolls on...Ch. 7 - Prob. 42PCh. 7 - A certain automobile engine delivers 2.24 104 W...Ch. 7 - Prob. 44PCh. 7 - A small block of mass m = 200 g is released from...Ch. 7 - Prob. 46PCh. 7 - Prob. 47PCh. 7 - Prob. 48PCh. 7 - Prob. 49PCh. 7 - Prob. 50PCh. 7 - Prob. 51PCh. 7 - Prob. 52PCh. 7 - Jonathan is riding a bicycle and encounters a hill...Ch. 7 - Prob. 54PCh. 7 - A horizontal spring attached to a wall has a force...Ch. 7 - Prob. 56PCh. 7 - Prob. 57PCh. 7 - Prob. 58PCh. 7 - Prob. 59PCh. 7 - Prob. 60PCh. 7 - Prob. 61PCh. 7 - Prob. 62PCh. 7 - Make an order-of-magnitude estimate of your power...Ch. 7 - Prob. 64PCh. 7 - Prob. 65PCh. 7 - Review. As a prank, someone has balanced a pumpkin...Ch. 7 - Review. The mass of a car is 1 500 kg. The shape...Ch. 7 - A 1.00-kg object slides to the right on a surface...Ch. 7 - A childs pogo stick (Fig. P7.69) stores energy in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 70PCh. 7 - Prob. 71PCh. 7 - Prob. 72PCh. 7 - A block of mass m1 = 20.0 kg is connected to a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 74PCh. 7 - Prob. 75PCh. 7 - Prob. 76PCh. 7 - Prob. 77PCh. 7 - Prob. 78PCh. 7 - A block of mass 0.500 kg is pushed against a...Ch. 7 - A pendulum, comprising a light string of length L...Ch. 7 - Jane, whose mass is 50.0 kg, needs to swing across...Ch. 7 - A roller-coaster car shown in Figure P7.82 is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 83P
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- Please don't use Chatgpt will upvote and give handwritten solutionarrow_forward6. We used the constant volume heat capacity, Cv, when we talked about thermodynamic cycles. It acts as a proportionality constant between energy and temperature: dU = C₁dT. You can also define a heat capacity for constant pressure processes, Cp. You can think of enthalpy playing a similar role to energy, but for constant pressure processes δαρ C = (37) - Sup Ср ат P = ат Starting from the definition of enthalpy, H = U + PV, find the relationship between Cy and Cp for an ideal gas.arrow_forwardPure membranes of dipalmitoyl lecithin phospholipids are models of biological membranes. They melt = 41°C. Reversible melting experiments indicate that at Tm AHm=37.7 kJ mol-1. Calculate: A. The entropy of melting, ASm- B. The Gibbs free energy of melting, AGm- C. Does the membrane become more or less ordered upon melting? D. There are 32 rotatable CH2 CH2 bonds in each molecule that can rotate more freely if the membrane melts. What is the increase in multiplicity on melting a mole of bonds?arrow_forward
- 5. Heat capacity often has a temperature dependence for real molecules, particularly if you go over a large temperature range. The heat capacity for liquid n-butane can be fit to the equation Cp(T) = a + bT where a = 100 J K₁₁ mol¹ and b = 0.1067 J K² mol¹ from its freezing point (T = 140 K) to its boiling point (T₁ = 270 K). A. Compute AH for heating butane from 170 K to 270 K. B. Compute AS for the same temperature range.arrow_forward4. How much energy must be transferred as heat to cause the quasi-static isothermal expansion of one mole of an ideal gas at 300 K from PA = 1 bar to PB = 0.5 bar? A. What is VA? B. What is VB? C. What is AU for the process? D. What is AH for the process? E. What is AS for the process?arrow_forward1. The diagram shows the tube used in the Thomson experiment. a. State the KE of the electrons. b. Draw the path of the electron beam in the gravitational field of the earth. C. If the electric field directed upwards, deduce the direction of the magnetic field so it would be possible to balance the forces. electron gun 1KVarrow_forward
- as a hiker in glacier national park, you need to keep the bears from getting at your food supply. You find a campground that is near an outcropping of ice. Part of the outcropping forms a feta=51.5* slopeup that leads to a verticle cliff. You decide that this is an idea place to hang your food supply out of bear reach. You put all of your food into a burlap sack, tie a rope to the sack, and then tie a bag full of rocks to the other end of the rope to act as an anchor. You currently have 18.5 kg of food left for the rest of your trip, so you put 18.5 kg of rocks in the anchor bag to balance it out. what happens when you lower the food bag over the edge and let go of the anchor bag? Determine the acceleration magnitude a of the two-bag system when you let go of the anchor bag?arrow_forward2. A thin Nichrome wire is used in an experiment to test Ohm's law using a power supply ranging from 0 to 12 V in steps of 2 V. Why isn't the graph of I vs V linear? 1. Nichrome wire does obey Ohm's law. Explain how that can that be true given the results abovearrow_forward1. The average KE and temperature in Kelvin of the molecules of a gas are related by the equation KE = 3/2 KT where k is the Boltzmann constant 1.38 x 10 m² kg s². The diagram shows the energy levels for a Hydrogen atom. Energy/eV 0.00 -1.51 3.39 13.58 Use this information to show that Hydrogen at room temperature will not emit light. 2. When hydrogen burns in oxygen 241.8 kJ of energy are released per mole. Show that this reaction can produce light.arrow_forward
- 3. By using the fact that around any closed loop the sum of the EMFS = the sum of the PDs. Write equations for the two loops shown in the cct below. 40 ΔΩ I₂ 4V (loop1 20 (loop2) 2v I+12 Use these equations to show that the current flowing through the 20 resistor is 0.75Aarrow_forward5. A potential divider circuit is made by stretching a 1 m long wire with a resistance of 0.1 per cm from A to B as shown. 8V A 100cm B sliding contact 5Ω A varying PD is achieved across the 5 Q resistor by moving the slider along the resistance wire. Calculate the distance from A when the PD across the 5 Q resistor is 6 V.arrow_forward4. A voltmeter with resistance 10 kQ is used to measure the pd across the 1 kQ resistor in the circuit below. 6V 5ΚΩ 1ΚΩ V Calculate the percentage difference between the value with and without the voltmeter.arrow_forward
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