The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents. Concept Introduction: Addition of H 2 : Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen. For cyclic reactants, the addition of H 2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond. Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable. Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon. Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it. Carbocation stability order: Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond . Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of hydrogen halides:

In the addition of hydrogen halides over alkenes, first the H+ gets bonded to carbon and forms most stable carbocation which then the halide ion bonds with carbocation that results in formation of product.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of hydrogen halides:

In the addition of hydrogen halides over alkenes, first the H+ gets bonded to carbon and forms most stable carbocation which then the halide ion bonds with carbocation that results in formation of product.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of hydrogen halides:

In the addition of hydrogen halides over alkenes, first the H+ gets bonded to carbon and forms most stable carbocation which then the halide ion bonds with carbocation that results in formation of product.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of hydrogen halides:

In the addition of hydrogen halides over alkenes, first the H+ gets bonded to carbon and forms most stable carbocation which then the halide ion bonds with carbocation that results in formation of product.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of hydrogen halides:

In the addition of hydrogen halides over alkenes, first the H+ gets bonded to carbon and forms most stable carbocation which then the halide ion bonds with carbocation that results in formation of product.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition ofH2:

Catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen.

For cyclic reactants, the addition of H2 will form cis enantiomers since two hydrogens adds to one side of the double bond.

Enantiomers: they are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Enantiomers are given configuration as R or S based on the atoms bonded with chiral (carbon bonded with four different substituents) carbon.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of hydrogen halides:

In the addition of hydrogen halides over alkenes, first the H+ gets bonded to carbon and forms most stable carbocation which then the halide ion bonds with carbocation that results in formation of product.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given compound should be prepared using alkene and other reagents.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of hydrogen halides:

In the addition of hydrogen halides over alkenes, first the H+ gets bonded to carbon and forms most stable carbocation which then the halide ion bonds with carbocation that results in formation of product.

Carbocation: carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Nucleophile: It donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 6.1 - Draw the mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexene...Ch. 6.2 - a. How many bond orbitals are available for...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 10P Ch. 6.5 - a. What is the major product of each of the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that catalytic hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C is an example for syn addition of hydrogen. Enantiomers are chiral molecules whose mirror images are not super

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