Chapter 5, Problem 5.108EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Among the given compounds, the compounds that have their names ending with suffix “-ide” has to be given.

Explanation of Solution

Given compounds are ${\text{NH}}_3{\text{, Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O, H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{S, N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}\text{, and CO}$.

For ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$:

The elements present in the given compound are nitrogen and hydrogen.  The name of the given compound is ammonia.

For ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$:

This contains sodium and oxygen atom.  This is an ionic compound.  Ionic compound is named by using the metal name as such and the counter negative charged ion is named by using the suffix “-ide”.  This gives the name of ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ as sodium oxide.

For ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$:

This contains hydrogen and sulfur as its constituent elements and they are nonmetals.  Name of the binary molecular compound consist of two words.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{First}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{full}\text{name}\text{of}\text{least}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{Second}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Stem of name}\text{for}\text{more}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\text{+}\text{(ide)}\end{array}$

The elements present in the given compound are hydrogen and sulfur.  The two portions are combined to give the name for the given compound as hydrogen sulfide.  As this contains hydrogen atom, no prefix is used.

For ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$:

This compound contain only nitrogen and hydrogen atom.  The name of the given compound is hydrazine.

For $\text{CO}$:

This contains carbon and oxygen as its constituent elements and they are nonmetals.  Name of the binary molecular compound consist of two words.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{First}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{full}\text{name}\text{of}\text{least}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{Second}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Stem of name}\text{for}\text{more}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\text{+}\text{(ide)}\end{array}$

The elements present in the given compound are carbon and oxygen.  The two portions are combined to give the name for the given compound as carbon monoxide.

The compounds name that end with the suffix “-ide” are ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O, H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S, and CO}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Among the given compounds, the compounds that have their names with two numerical prefixes have to be given.

Explanation of Solution

Given compounds are ${\text{NH}}_3{\text{, Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O, H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{S, N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}\text{, and CO}$.

For ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$:

The elements present in the given compound are nitrogen and hydrogen.  The name of the given compound is ammonia.

For ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$:

This contains sodium and oxygen atom.  This is an ionic compound.  Ionic compound is named by using the metal name as such and the counter negative charged ion is named by using the suffix “-ide”.  This gives the name of ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ as sodium oxide.

For ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$:

This contains hydrogen and sulfur as its constituent elements and they are nonmetals.  Name of the binary molecular compound consist of two words.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{First}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{full}\text{name}\text{of}\text{least}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{Second}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Stem of name}\text{for}\text{more}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\text{+}\text{(ide)}\end{array}$

The elements present in the given compound are hydrogen and sulfur.  The two portions are combined to give the name for the given compound as hydrogen sulfide.  As this contains hydrogen atom, no prefix is used.

For ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$:

This compound contain only nitrogen and hydrogen atom.  The name of the given compound is hydrazine.

For $\text{CO}$:

This contains carbon and oxygen as its constituent elements and they are nonmetals.  Name of the binary molecular compound consist of two words.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{First}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{full}\text{name}\text{of}\text{least}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{Second}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Stem of name}\text{for}\text{more}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\text{+}\text{(ide)}\end{array}$

The elements present in the given compound are carbon and oxygen.  The two portions are combined to give the name for the given compound as carbon monoxide.

No compounds have their name that contain two numerical prefixes.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Among the given compounds, the compounds that have their names with prefix mono- have to be given.

Explanation of Solution

Given compounds are ${\text{NH}}_3{\text{, Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O, H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{S, N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}\text{, and CO}$.

For ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$:

The elements present in the given compound are nitrogen and hydrogen.  The name of the given compound is ammonia.

For ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$:

This contains sodium and oxygen atom.  This is an ionic compound.  Ionic compound is named by using the metal name as such and the counter negative charged ion is named by using the suffix “-ide”.  This gives the name of ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ as sodium oxide.

For ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$:

This contains hydrogen and sulfur as its constituent elements and they are nonmetals.  Name of the binary molecular compound consist of two words.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{First}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{full}\text{name}\text{of}\text{least}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{Second}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Stem of name}\text{for}\text{more}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\text{+}\text{(ide)}\end{array}$

The elements present in the given compound are hydrogen and sulfur.  The two portions are combined to give the name for the given compound as hydrogen sulfide.  As this contains hydrogen atom, no prefix is used.

For ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$:

This compound contain only nitrogen and hydrogen atom.  The name of the given compound is hydrazine.

For $\text{CO}$:

This contains carbon and oxygen as its constituent elements and they are nonmetals.  Name of the binary molecular compound consist of two words.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{First}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{full}\text{name}\text{of}\text{least}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{Second}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Stem of name}\text{for}\text{more}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\text{+}\text{(ide)}\end{array}$

The elements present in the given compound are carbon and oxygen.  The two portions are combined to give the name for the given compound as carbon monoxide.

Looking into the names of the given compounds, the compound name that contains the prefix mono- is $\text{CO}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Among the given compounds, the compounds that have their names without any numerical prefix have to be given.

Explanation of Solution

Given compounds are ${\text{NH}}_3{\text{, Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O, H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{S, N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}\text{, and CO}$.

For ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$:

The elements present in the given compound are nitrogen and hydrogen.  The name of the given compound is ammonia.

For ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$:

This contains sodium and oxygen atom.  This is an ionic compound.  Ionic compound is named by using the metal name as such and the counter negative charged ion is named by using the suffix “-ide”.  This gives the name of ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ as sodium oxide.

For ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$:

This contains hydrogen and sulfur as its constituent elements and they are nonmetals.  Name of the binary molecular compound consist of two words.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{First}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{full}\text{name}\text{of}\text{least}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{Second}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Stem of name}\text{for}\text{more}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\text{+}\text{(ide)}\end{array}$

The elements present in the given compound are hydrogen and sulfur.  The two portions are combined to give the name for the given compound as hydrogen sulfide.  As this contains hydrogen atom, no prefix is used.

For ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$:

This compound contain only nitrogen and hydrogen atom.  The name of the given compound is hydrazine.

For $\text{CO}$:

This contains carbon and oxygen as its constituent elements and they are nonmetals.  Name of the binary molecular compound consist of two words.

$\begin{array}{l}\text{First}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{full}\text{name}\text{of}\text{least}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\\ \text{Second}\text{word}\text{:}\text{(prefix)}\text{+}\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Stem of name}\text{for}\text{more}\\ \text{electronegative}\text{nonmetal}\end{array}\right)\text{+}\text{(ide)}\end{array}$

The elements present in the given compound are carbon and oxygen.  The two portions are combined to give the name for the given compound as carbon monoxide.

Looking into the names of the given compounds, the compound that do not contain any numerical prefix is ${\text{NH}}_3{\text{, Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O, H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{S, and N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}$.