EBK MICROBIOLOGY:W/DISEASES BY BODY...-
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134608242
Author: BAUMAN
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 5, Problem 25CT
Summary Introduction
To answer:
Why cannot oxidative phosphorylation be cyclical; that is, why are not electrons move back to the particles that donated them.
Introduction:
Oxidative phosphorylation (biochemical pathway) use the energy enlightened by the oxidation of
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The phosphorylation catalyzed by hexokinase is essentially an irreversible reaction. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true under cellular conditions? In all cases, note that dephosphorylation specifically refers to hydrolysis in which a phosphate is lost.
ATP dephosphorylation is more exergonic than glucose 6-phosphate dephosphorylation.
ATP dephosphorylation is less exergonic than glucose 6-phosphate dephosphorylation.
There is not enough information to determine which reaction is more exergonic.
The graph shows how the free‑energy change for the hydrolysis of ATP varies as a function of Mg2+ concentration. Note that pMg = –log[Mg2+].
What does the graph tell you about the relationship between Mg2+ concentration and ATP hydrolysis?
What is the mechanism that explains the relationship between Mg2+ concentration and ATP hydrolysis?
Arsenate (AsO³-) closely resembles phosphate in structure and reactivity. However, arsenate esters are unstable and are
spontaneously hydrolyzed.
If arsenate is added to actively respiring mitochondria, what would be the effect on ATP synthesis?
ATP synthesis will decrease because cells require less energy when arsenate is available.
ATP synthesis will not be affected because mitochondria are incapable of taking up arsenate.
ATP synthesis will stop due to the formation arsenate-ADP anhydrides.
ATP synthesis will increase because arsenate anhydride hydrolysis increases ATP turnover.
If arsenate is added to actively respiring mitochondria, what would be the most likely effect on the rate of the
electron-transport chain?
The rate of electron transport will decrease, because arsenate inhibits Complexes I and II.
The rate of electron transport will decrease, because arsenate inhibits the citric acid cycle.
The rate of electron transport will increase, because arsenate increases the demand…
Chapter 5 Solutions
EBK MICROBIOLOGY:W/DISEASES BY BODY...-
Ch. 5 - How can oxidation take place in an anaerobic...Ch. 5 - Why do electrons carried by NADH allow for...Ch. 5 - Why does catabolism of amino acids for energy...Ch. 5 - An uninformed student describes the Calvin-Benson...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5TMWCh. 5 - Why is feedback inhibition necessary for...Ch. 5 - Breaks a large molecule into smaller ones a....Ch. 5 - Includes dehydration synthesis reactions a....Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MC
Ch. 5 - Involves the production of cell membrane...Ch. 5 - Includes hydrolytic reactions a. anabolism only b....Ch. 5 - Includes metabolism a. anabolism only b. both...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8MCCh. 5 - A reduced molecule _________. a. has gained...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10MCCh. 5 - Coenzymes are ________. a. types of apoenzymes b....Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 5 - Which of the following does not affect the...Ch. 5 - Most oxidation reactions in bacteria involve the...Ch. 5 - Under ideal conditions, the fermentation of one...Ch. 5 - Under ideal conditions, the complete aerobic...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 5 - Reactions involved in the light-independent...Ch. 5 - The glycolysis pathway is basically __________. a....Ch. 5 - A major difference between anaerobic respiration...Ch. 5 - 1. _______ Occurs when energy from a compound...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 1. The final electron acceptor...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 2. Two ATP molecules are used...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 3. The initial catabolism of...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 4. ________ is a cyclic series...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 5. The final electron acceptor...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 6. Three common inorganic...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 7. Anaerobic respiration...Ch. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 8. Complete the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 5 - Fill in the Blanks 10 The main coenzymes that...Ch. 5 - VISUALIZE IT! 1 Label the mitochondrion to...Ch. 5 - Label the diagram below to indicate acetyl-CoA,...Ch. 5 - Examine the biosynthetic pathway for the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1SACh. 5 - Why we enzymes necessary for anabolic reactions to...Ch. 5 - How do organisms control the rate of metabolic...Ch. 5 - How does a nor-competitive inhibitor at a single...Ch. 5 - Explain the mechanism of negative feedback with...Ch. 5 - Facultative anaerobes can live under either...Ch. 5 - How does oxidation of a molecule occur without...Ch. 5 - List at least four groups of microorganisms that...Ch. 5 - Why do we breathe oxygen and give of carbon...Ch. 5 - Why do cyanobacteria and algae take in carbon...Ch. 5 - What happens to the carbon atoms in sugar...Ch. 5 - How do yeast cells make alcohol and cause bread to...Ch. 5 - Where specifically does the most significant...Ch. 5 - Why are vitamins essential metabolic factors for...Ch. 5 - A laboratory scientist notices that a cer1ain...Ch. 5 - Arsenic is a poison that exists in two states in...Ch. 5 - Explain why an excess of all three of the amino...Ch. 5 - Why might an organism that uses glycolysis and the...Ch. 5 - Describe how bacterial fermentation causes milk to...Ch. 5 - Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica are...Ch. 5 - Two cultures of a facultative anaerobe are grown...Ch. 5 - What is the maximum number of molecules of ATP...Ch. 5 - In terms of its effects on human metabolism, why...Ch. 5 - Cyanide is a potent poison because it irreversibly...Ch. 5 - How are photophosphorylation and oxidative...Ch. 5 - Members of the pathogenic bacterial genus...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast aerobic respiration,...Ch. 5 - Scientists estimate that up to one-third of Earths...Ch. 5 - A young student was troubled by the idea that a...Ch. 5 - If a bacterium uses beta-oxidation to catabolize a...Ch. 5 - Some desert rodents rarely have water to drink....Ch. 5 - Prob. 17CTCh. 5 - We have examined the total ATP, NADH, and FADH2...Ch. 5 - Explain why hyperthermophiles do not cause disease...Ch. 5 - In addition to extremes in temperature and pH,...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.18b illustrates events in aerobic...Ch. 5 - Suppose you could insert a tiny pH probe into the...Ch. 5 - Even though Pseudomonas aeruginosa and...Ch. 5 - Photosynthetic organisms are rarely pathogenic....Ch. 5 - Prob. 25CTCh. 5 - A scientist moves a green plant grown in sunlight...Ch. 5 - What class of enzyme is involved in amination...Ch. 5 - Using the following terms, fill in the following...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- The condensation reaction catalyzed by ß-ketoacyl-ACP synthase synthesizes a four-carbon unit by combining a two-carbon unit and a three-carbon unit, with the release of CO₂. What is the thermodynamic advantage of this process over one that simply combines two two-carbon units? The reaction is reversible and does not require the input of ATP. The exergonic release of CO₂ drives the irreversible reaction in the direction of fatty acid synthesis. The release of CO₂ is endergonic and results in the production of ATP. The reaction is endergonic and requires the input of ATP.arrow_forwardDiscuss the composition of the transition state for the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase. a) Where is the active site for this enzyme located? b) How are the amino acid side chains from the α and β subunits of ATP Synthase involved? c) Discuss the importance of Mg+2 in the mechanism of this enzyme.arrow_forwardThe researchers did not study the effects of NADH, ADP and ATP on the enzyme. Given what you know of their roles in GAPDH, classify each as an activator or an inhibitor of the enzyme. What overall consideration having to do with how glycolysis is regulated allowed you to make these inferences, without having any data? Would ADP, a reactant of the phosphorylating pathway, tend to inhibit the competing non-phosphorylating pathway in order to get more ATP made? And the opposite for ATP whose presence indicates that pathway may not be needed any more?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements best explains why the activity of ATP-citrate lyase and malic enzyme are often paired together? The use of ATP by ATP-citrate lyase means that NADH needs to be regenerated cytosolically so that more ATP can be generated via shuttle systems and replace the ATP used by ATP-citrate lyase ATP-citrate lyase produces ATP and malic enzyme produces NADPH, both needed in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway The activity of ATP-citrate lyase and malic enzyme never are correlated, they always function in different realms of metabolism The generation of acetyl CoA is a substrate for fatty acid synthesis in the cytosol and NADPH is generated as the anabolic electron carrierarrow_forwardThe following statements describe the path of electrons from NADH through the electron transport chain. Please arrange them in order: Cytochrome c (Fe2+) carries electrons to Complex IV. Cytochrome c (Fe3+) is reduced to cytochrome c (Fe2+) QH2 carries electrons to Complex III Oxygen is reduced to water Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2)arrow_forwardElectrons are continuously transferred from higher-energy carriers to lower-energy carriers in the electron transport chain, yet somehow iron is utilized as an electron carrier multiple times. Choose the most likely reason why this is possible. The pH of complex II is slightly higher than the pH of complex III. The reduction potential of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in complex I is higher than the reduction potential of iron. The redox potential of iron ions can be manipulated by their environment. For instance, the iron in an iron-sulfur cluster will have a different redox potential than the iron in a heme group. The electrons carried by NADH are higher energy than the electrons carried by FADH2.arrow_forward
- A poison that prevents the transfer of electrons from the last [Fe-S] cluster of Complex I to coenzyme Q is added to a suspension of actively respiring mitochondria. Which of the following will be observed? ATP production would be impaired due to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation from electron transport. ATP production would be reduced due to inhibition of the CoQ subunit of ATP synthase. ATP production would be reduced due to a decrease in the number of protons pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. ATP production would be halted completely due to the block in electron transport through the electron transport chain.arrow_forwardThe AG of the reaction C6H12O6 + 60₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O is -686 kcal/mol glucose oxidized. The AG of the reaction ADP + P₁ --> ATP + H₂O is + 7.3 kcal/mol ATP synthesized. The oxidation of glucose can be coupled to the synthesis of ATP. If the coupling is 50% efficient, how many molecules of ATP can be synthesized per molecule of glucose oxidized? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE regarding oxidative phosphorylation? Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding oxidative phosphorylation? Oxidation and phosphorylation are coupled via a proton gradient. A large positive difference in reduction potential is associated with a small negative free energy change. Electrons from FADH2 enter at complex II because the reduction potential of FADH2 is greater than that of redox centers in complex I. The pH is higher in the matrix relative to that in the inter-membrane space.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements concerning oxidative phosphorylation is false? Group of answer choices: The electron transport chain generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the production of ATP. ATP synthase with fewer subunits in its c ring will produce more ATP per proton. A “loose” β subunit of ATP synthase becomes a “tight” site as it produces ATP. When the supply of NADH and QH2 (ubiquinol) decreases, ATP synthase produces more ATP.arrow_forwardThe reaction catalyzed by citrate syn- thase, shown on the right, is the first step of the TCA cycle. In glycolysis, two key reactions to produce ATP occur because an unfavorable reaction is coupled to another reaction that is thermodynamically favorable. The reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase, shown on the right, is similarly coupled to an unfavorable reac- tion in the TCA cycle. Write the unfavorable reaction using structural formulas and write the key step that drives the two coupled reactions forward. What is the overall AG'o of the coupled reactions? CH3-C >=0 + S-COA Acetyl-CoA 0-C-COO- CH₂-COO Oxaloacetate H₂O COA-SH J citrate synthase CH₂-C HỌ—C—COO SO CH₂-COO Citrate AG'= -32.2 kJ/molarrow_forwardATP synthase is composed of two oligomeric proteins, F and F₁. What is the function and purpose of each protein complex?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education