Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 99P
Consider fully developed two-dimensional Poiseuille flow—flow between two infinite parallel plates separated by distance h. with both the top plate and bottom plate stationary, and a forced pressure gradient dP/c* driving the flow as illustrated in Fig. P4—99. (dP/dx is constant and negative.) The flow is steady, incompressible, and two-dimensional in the .y-plane. The velocity components are given by where
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Consider fully developed two-dimensional Poiseuille flow—flow between two infinite parallel plates separated by distance h, with both the top plate and bottom plate stationary, and a forced pressure gradient dP/dx driving the flow as illustrated in Fig. (dP/dx is constant and negative.) The flow is steady, incompressible, and two-dimensional in the xy-plane. The velocity components are given by u = 1/2? dP/dx (y2 − hy) ? = 0where ?isthefluid’sviscosity.Isthisflowrotationalorirrotational? If it is rotational, calculate the vorticity component in the z-direction. Do fluid particles in this flow rotate clockwise or counterclockwise?
Consider fully developed Couette flow between two infinite parallel plates separated by distance h, with the
top plate moving and the bottom plate stationary, as illustrated in the figure below. The flow is steady,
incompressible, and two-dimensional in the XY plane. The velocity field is given by
V }i
= (u, v) = (v² )i +0j
=
V
(a) Find out the acceleration field of this flow. (b) Is this flow steady? What are the u and v components of
velocity?
u= V²
h
Imagine a steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow that is purely radial in the xy- or r?-plane. In other words, velocity component ur is nonzero, but u? is zero everywhere. What is the most general form of velocity component ur that does not violate conservation of mass?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 4 - What does the word kinematics mean? Explain what...Ch. 4 - Briefly discuss the difference between derivative...Ch. 4 - Consider the following steady, two-dimensional...Ch. 4 - Consider the following steady, two-dimensional...Ch. 4 - -5 A steady, two-dimensional velocity field is...Ch. 4 - Consider steady flow of water through an...Ch. 4 - What is the Eulerian description of fluid motion?...Ch. 4 - Is the Lagrangian method of fluid flow analysis...Ch. 4 - A stationary probe is placed in a fluid flow and...Ch. 4 - A tiny neutrally buoyant electronic pressure probe...
Ch. 4 - Define a steady flow field in the Eulerian...Ch. 4 - Is the Eulerian method of fluid flow analysis more...Ch. 4 - A weather balloon is hunched into the atmosphere...Ch. 4 - A Pilot-stalk probe can often be seen protruding...Ch. 4 - List at least three oiler names for the material...Ch. 4 - Consider steady, incompressible, two-dimensional...Ch. 4 - Converging duct flow is modeled by the steady,...Ch. 4 - A steady, incompressible, two-dimensional velocity...Ch. 4 - A steady, incompressible, two-dimensional velocity...Ch. 4 - For the velocity field of Prob. 4-6, calculate the...Ch. 4 - Consider steady flow of air through the diffuser...Ch. 4 - For the velocity field of Prob. 4-21, calculate...Ch. 4 - A steady, incompressible, two-dimensional (in the...Ch. 4 - The velocity field for a flow is given by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25CPCh. 4 - What is the definition of a timeline? How can...Ch. 4 - What is the definition of a streamline? What do...Ch. 4 - Prob. 28CPCh. 4 - Consider the visualization of flow over a 15°...Ch. 4 - Consider the visualization of ground vortex flow...Ch. 4 - Consider the visualization of flow over a sphere...Ch. 4 - Prob. 32CPCh. 4 - Consider a cross-sectional slice through an array...Ch. 4 - A bird is flying in a room with a velocity field...Ch. 4 - Conversing duct flow is modeled by the steady,...Ch. 4 - The velocity field of a flow is described by...Ch. 4 - Consider the following steady, incompressible,...Ch. 4 - Consider the steady, incompressible,...Ch. 4 - A steady, incompressible, two-dimensional velocity...Ch. 4 - Prob. 41PCh. 4 - Prob. 42PCh. 4 - The velocity field for a line some in the r plane...Ch. 4 - A very small circular cylinder of radius Rtis...Ch. 4 - Consider the same two concentric cylinders of...Ch. 4 - The velocity held for a line vartex in the r...Ch. 4 - Prob. 47PCh. 4 - Name and briefly describe the four fundamental...Ch. 4 - Prob. 49CPCh. 4 - Prob. 50PCh. 4 - Prob. 51PCh. 4 - Prob. 52PCh. 4 - Prob. 53PCh. 4 - Converging duct flow is modeled by the steady,...Ch. 4 - Converging duct flow is modeled by the steady,...Ch. 4 - Using the results of Prob. 4—57 and the...Ch. 4 - Converging duct flow (Fig. P4—16) is modeled by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 60PCh. 4 - For the velocity field of Prob. 4—60, what...Ch. 4 - For the velocity field of Prob. 4—60, calculate...Ch. 4 - For the velocity field of Prob. 4—60, calculate...Ch. 4 - Prob. 64PCh. 4 - Prob. 65PCh. 4 - Consider steady, incompressible, two-dimensional...Ch. 4 - Prob. 67PCh. 4 - Consider the steady, incompressible,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 69PCh. 4 - Prob. 70PCh. 4 - Prob. 71PCh. 4 - Prob. 72PCh. 4 - Prob. 73PCh. 4 - A cylindrical lank of water rotates in solid-body...Ch. 4 - Prob. 75PCh. 4 - A cylindrical tank of radius rrim= 0.354 m rotates...Ch. 4 - Prob. 77PCh. 4 - Prob. 78PCh. 4 - Prob. 79PCh. 4 - For the Couette flow of Fig. P4—79, calculate the...Ch. 4 - Combine your results from Prob. 4—80 to form the...Ch. 4 - Consider a steady, two-dimensional, incompressible...Ch. 4 - A steady, three-dimensional velocity field is...Ch. 4 - Consider the following steady, three-dimensional...Ch. 4 - Prob. 85PCh. 4 - A steady, three-dimensional velocity field is...Ch. 4 - Briefly explain the purpose of the Reynolds...Ch. 4 - Prob. 88CPCh. 4 - True or false: For each statement, choose whether...Ch. 4 - Consider the integral ddtt2tx2. Solve it two ways:...Ch. 4 - Prob. 91PCh. 4 - Consider the general form of the Reynolds...Ch. 4 - Consider the general form of the Reynolds...Ch. 4 - Prob. 94PCh. 4 - Prob. 95PCh. 4 - Prob. 96PCh. 4 - Prob. 97PCh. 4 - The velocity field for an incompressible flow is...Ch. 4 - Consider fully developed two-dimensional...Ch. 4 - For the two-dimensional Poiseuille flow of Prob....Ch. 4 - Combine your results from Prob. 4—100 to form the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 103PCh. 4 - Prob. 107PCh. 4 - Prob. 108PCh. 4 - Prob. 109PCh. 4 - Prob. 110PCh. 4 - Prob. 112PCh. 4 - Prob. 113PCh. 4 - Prob. 114PCh. 4 - Prob. 116PCh. 4 - Based on your results of Prob. 4—116, discuss the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 118PCh. 4 - In a steady, two-dimensional flow field in the...Ch. 4 - A steady, two-dimensional velocity field in the...Ch. 4 - A velocity field is given by u=5y2,v=3x,w=0 . (Do...Ch. 4 - The actual path traveled by an individual fluid...Ch. 4 - Prob. 123PCh. 4 - Prob. 124PCh. 4 - Prob. 125PCh. 4 - Water is flowing in a 3-cm-diameter garden hose at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 127PCh. 4 - Prob. 128PCh. 4 - Prob. 129PCh. 4 - Prob. 130PCh. 4 - Prob. 131PCh. 4 - An array of arrows indicating the magnitude and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 133PCh. 4 - Prob. 134PCh. 4 - Prob. 135PCh. 4 - A steady, two-dimensional velocity field is given...Ch. 4 - Prob. 137PCh. 4 - Prob. 138PCh. 4 - Prob. 139PCh. 4 - Prob. 140PCh. 4 - Prob. 141P
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- Question 1: Consider fully developed two-dimensional Poiseuille flow: flow between two infinite parallel plates separated by distance h, with both the top plate and bottom plate stationary, and a forced pressure gradient dP/dx driving the flow as illustrated in the figure (dP/dx is constant and negative). The flow is steady, incompressible, and two-dimensional in the xy-plane. The velocity components are given by 1 dP u = -(y² - hy); v = 0 2μ αχ h where μ is the fluid's viscosity. Is this flow rotational or irrotational? u(y) a. If it is rotational, calculate the vorticity component in the z-direction. Do fluid particles in this flow rotate clockwise or counterclockwise? b. calculate the linear strain rates in the x- and y-directions, and c. calculate the shear strain rate Exy. d. Combine your results to form the two-dimensional strain rate tensor εij in the xy-plane,arrow_forwardI need the answer as soon as possiblearrow_forwardThe velocity field for a line vortex in the r?-plane is given byur = 0 u? = K / rwhere K is the line vortex strength. For the case with K = 1.5 m/s2, plot a contour plot of velocity magnitude (speed). Specifically, draw curves of constant speed V = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 m/s. Be sure to label these speeds on your plot.arrow_forward
- Consider steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow due to a spiraling line vortex/sink flow centered on the z-axis. Streamlines and velocity components are shown in Fig. The velocity field is ur = C/r and u? = K/r, where C and K are constants. Calculate the pressure as a function of r and ?.arrow_forwardDefine variable flow? Also discuss the forces encoundered in fluid mechanics?arrow_forwardQuestion 1: Consider fully developed two-dimensional Poiseuille flow: flow between two infinite parallel plates separated by distance h, with both the top plate and bottom plate stationary, and a forced pressure gradient dP/dx driving the flow as illustrated in the figure (dP/dx is constant and negative). The flow is steady, incompressible, and two-dimensional in the xy-plane. The velocity components are given by 1 dP u(y) u = 2μ dx (y²hy); v = 0 where is the fluid's viscosity. Is this flow rotational or irrotational? a. If it is rotational, calculate the vorticity component in the z-direction. Do fluid particles in this flow rotate clockwise or counterclockwise? b. calculate the linear strain rates in the x- and y-directions, and c. calculate the shear strain rate ɛxy. d. Combine your results to form the two-dimensional strain rate tensor εij in the xy-plane,arrow_forward
- Find the vorticity of the fluid motion for the given velocity com- ponents. KINEMATICS OF FLUIDS (a) u A(x + y), v = - A(x + y) (b) u = 2Axz, (c) u Ay²+ By + C, v = A(c² + x² - z²) 1)=0arrow_forwardConsider a uniform stream of magnitude V inclined at angle ?. Assuming incompressible planar irrotational flow, find the velocity potential function and the stream function. Show all your work.arrow_forwardIn deriving the vorticity equation, we have used the identity divergence x (divergence P) = 0 Show that this identity is valid for any scalar lamda by checking it in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates.arrow_forward
- A subtle point, often missed by students of fluid mechanics (and even their professors!), is that an inviscid region of flow is not the same as an irrotational (potential) region of flow. Discuss the differences and similarities between these two approximations. Give an example of each.arrow_forward(a) In a variety of environmental problems, it is common to find fluid motions that have a cellular character; i.e. the fluid streamlines form closed loops in the form of a cell. An example of a 2D cellular flow is ū = sin(rx) cos(ry)î – cos(rx) sin(ry)j (i) Is this flow incompressible? (Justify you answer.) (ii) Calculate the vorticity. (iii) Where is the magnitude of the vorticity highest, and where does it vanish?arrow_forwardAn incompressible velocity field is given by u=a(x°y²-y), v unknown, w=bxyz where a and b are constants. (a)What is the form of the velocity component for that the flow conserves mass? (b) Write Navier- Stokes's equation in 2-dimensional space with x-y coordinate system.arrow_forward
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