Covalent bonds usually formed by hydrogen atom (H) should be determined. Concept Introduction: Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element. Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements. The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 8RQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by hydrogen atom (H) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by chlorine atom (Cl) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by sulfur atom (S) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by fluorine atom (F) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by nitrogen atom (N) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by phosphorus atom (P) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

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The reaction of solid dimethylhydrazine, (CH3)2N2H2, and liquefied dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, has been investigated for use as rocket fuel. The reaction produces the gases carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), and water vapor (H2O), which are ejected in the exhaust gases. In a controlled experiment, solid dimethylhydrazine was reacted with excess dinitrogen tetroxide, and the gases were collected in a closed balloon until a pressure of 2.50 atm and a temperature of 400.0 K were reached.(a) What are the partial pressures of CO2, N2, and H2O?(b) When the CO2 is removed by chemical reaction, what are the partial pressures of the remaining gases?

One liter of chlorine gas at 1 atm and 298 K reacts completely with 1.00 L of nitrogen gas and 2.00 L of oxygen gas at the same temperature and pressure. A single gaseous product is formed, which fills a 2.00 L flask at 1.00 atm and 298 K. Use this information to determine the following characteristics of the product:(a) its empirical formula;(b) its molecular formula;(c) the most favorable Lewis formula based on formal charge arguments (the central atom is N);(d) the shape of the molecule.

How does the square root mean square velocity of gas molecules vary with temperature? Illustrate this relationship by plotting the square root mean square velocity of N2 molecules as a function of temperature from T=100 K to T=300 K.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 8RQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by hydrogen atom (H) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by chlorine atom (Cl) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by sulfur atom (S) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by fluorine atom (F) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by nitrogen atom (N) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by phosphorus atom (P) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 8RQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by hydrogen atom (H) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by chlorine atom (Cl) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by sulfur atom (S) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by fluorine atom (F) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by nitrogen atom (N) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by phosphorus atom (P) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4, Problem 8RQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by hydrogen atom (H) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by chlorine atom (Cl) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by sulfur atom (S) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by fluorine atom (F) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by nitrogen atom (N) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by phosphorus atom (P) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4, Problem 8RQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by hydrogen atom (H) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by chlorine atom (Cl) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by sulfur atom (S) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by fluorine atom (F) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by nitrogen atom (N) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by phosphorus atom (P) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 6

Chapter 4, Problem 8RQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by hydrogen atom (H) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 8RQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by hydrogen atom (H) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by chlorine atom (Cl) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by chlorine atom (Cl) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by sulfur atom (S) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by sulfur atom (S) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by fluorine atom (F) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by fluorine atom (F) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by nitrogen atom (N) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by nitrogen atom (N) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by phosphorus atom (P) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Covalent bonds usually formed by phosphorus atom (P) should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Octet rule: According to this rule, all atoms can lose, gain or share their valence electrons in order to complete their octet or get 8 valence electrons; the electron configuration of the nearest noble element.

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level are known as valance electron. This can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

The covalent bond is a type of bond which is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms which have comparable electronegativity.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 4 - Prob. 1RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. 2RQ Ch. 4 - What are the structural differences among chlorine...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4RQ Ch. 4 - What are the charges on simple ions formed from...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6RQ Ch. 4 - In what group of the periodic table would elements...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. 9RQ Ch. 4 - Prob. 10P

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