Biological Science
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321743671
Author: Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 5TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The
Introduction:
DNA is a double helical genetic material that is present in all the living cells. This molecule is self-replicating and replicates before the cell has to undergo cell division. Being the genetic material, DNA carries the necessary information to carry out all the functions of the cell. The structure of a DNA molecule was first given by Watson and Crick.
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A nucleotide is the monomeric building block of the polymer of DNA. To better understand the characteristics
of DNA, it is important to understand how the monomers join to form the polymer. Use the following diagram
of DNA (and the diagram of a nucleotide in the PowerPoint presentation) to label the listed features: 3' and 5'
ends, nucleotide, phosphate group, sugar group, phosphodiester bond, nitrogenous base (pyrimidine and
purine), and hydrogen bonds.
NHZ
NH2
HN
OH₂N
NH₂
5. Looking at the polymer, why is a DNA
considered antiparallel?
6. Why are the ends of DNA strands
named 3' or 5'?
7. How do A:T interactions differ
compared to G:C interactions? How does
this affect stability of the bond pairs?
8. During gel electrophoresis, to which
electrode (+ or -) does DNA migrate?
Why?
One DNA chain of a DNA double helix contains 18% A, 35% T, 28% C, and 21% G. What is the composition of the complementary DNA chain?
A double-stranded DNA molecule is 1 cm long, and the percentage of adenine is 15%. How many cytosines does this DNA molecule contain?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biological Science
Ch. 4 - What are the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA?...Ch. 4 - 2. What determines the primary structure of a DNA...Ch. 4 -
4. Which of the following rules apply to the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 4 -
6. What is responsible for the increased...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 4 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 4 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 4 - Prob. 10TYU
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- One strand of a double-helical DNA has the sequence (5’)GCTCAATATTTCTCAAAAT ATTGCGC(3’). Write the base sequence of the complementary strand. What special type of sequence is contained in this DNA segment?arrow_forwarddraw a picture of a SINGLE strand of DNA (a polynucleotide) composed of 9 (nine) nucleotides of your choice. Do use ALL 4 nucleotides. Use 3 simple symbols to represent the phosphate, the sugar, and the base in each nucleotide. For example, use a circle with the letter “P” for the phosphate in the backbone, a square with the letter “S” for the sugar in the backbone, and a triangle with the letter “A, T, C or G” for the bases.As you draw the diagram be sure to put solid lines for the covalent bonds you are creating to join new nucleotides to the elongating DNA chain.arrow_forwardDNA structure depends on base pairing of its four nucleotides, A, C, T, and G. Nucleotide A pairs with T, and nucleotide C pairs with G. This forms a four-letter DNA “alphabet." Because DNA codes for amino acids in sets of three nucleotides, there are 4 cubed (4'), or 64, possible combinations, coding for 20 different amino acids. What is the best explanation for why there is no selective advantage for DNA to have five nucleotides (e.g., A, C, T, G, and E) with C pairing with either G or functionally equivalent E? It would be impossible to form the DNA molecule, because it must have an equal number of Cs and Gs. Because G and E have the same role, there would still be four functional letters of the alphabet. Replication would be inaccurate because sometimes C would bond with G and sometimes C would bond with E. There would be a five-letter alphabet with 125 combinations, which is too numerous. It is impossible because there are not five known nucleotides in the cell.arrow_forward
- List the DNA bases that will complementary base pair with the following sequence: A-G-C-T-A-C-Garrow_forwardDRAW A DNA STRAND WITH 10 ADENINE BASES FOLLOWED BY 10 CYTOSINE BASES. IF THAT SAME STRAND BONDED TO A STRAND OF 15 THYMINE BASE AND 5 GUANINE BASES, HOW WOULD THE DOUBLE HELIC SHAPE VARY FROM A TYPICAL DNA DOUBLE HELIX?arrow_forwardA) Draw the structure and give the name of a nucleotide made of G + ribose. B) Write the complementary base sequence for the matching strand in the DNA section shown below.5’ – C T G T A T A C G T T A – 3’ Please answer both partsarrow_forward
- The composition (in molefraction units) of one of the strands of a double-helical DNA molecule is [A] = 0.30 and [G] =0.24. (a) What can you say about [T] and [C] for the same strand? (b) What can you say about [A], [G], [T], and [C] of the complementary strand?arrow_forwardIf one side of DNA molecule had a base sequence of adenine-adenine-guanine-cytosine-thymine-cytosine-thymine, what would the sequence of bases on the opposite side of the molecule be?arrow_forwardshow the structure for nucleosides of DNA:arrow_forward
- Spot the difference between the chemical structures of DNA & RNA and state the said difference in a short paragraph. Please refer in the attached picture for the answer.arrow_forwardIf the sequence of one strand of a DNA molecule is 5’-AGCCCCGACTCTATTC-3’, what is the sequence of the complementary strand?arrow_forwardWhat statement about DNA polarity is TRUE? One end of the chain has a 5'-OH group attached to a phosphoryl group. The other end of the chain has a free 3'-OH group, which is linked to another nucleotide. One end of the chain has a free 5'-OH group or 5'-OH group attached to a phosphoryl group. The other end of the chain has a free 3'-OH group. None is linked to another nucleotide. One end of the chain has a free 3'-OH group or 3'-OH group attached to a phosphoryl group. The other end of the chain has a free 3'-OH group, which is linked to another nucleotide. One end of the chain has only a free 5'-OH group. The other end of the chain has a free 3'-OH group. Neither is linked to another nucleotide. One end of the chain has a free 5'-OH group. The other end of the chain has a free 3'-OH group.arrow_forward
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