Chapter 4, Problem 53QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine the chemical symbol, atomic number and group number of strontium and to specify if it is metal, non-metal or metalloid.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic table is arrangement of different elements with the help of columns and rows in order to characterize elements with similar properties in same groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halides, noble gases, transition elements etc. In the periodic table, columns represent groups and rows represents periods.

Element:

An element is a simplest type of a pure substance which is composed of only one type of matter. For examples; silver, gold platinum etc.

Metal:

Metals are hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile. They are good conductor of heat and electricity. They are located to the left of the periodic table.

Metalloid:

Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. They are in the middle of the periodic table.

Non-metal:

A non-metal has no lustre, with poor electrical and thermal conductivity. They are in right side of the periodic table

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level is known as valence electron. Number of valence electrons can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The chemical symbol of strontium is ${}_{38}^{88}\text{Sr}$. It is a metal.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic symbol notation is as follows:

${\text{Atomic Symbol}}^{\text{Charge},+/-}$

Here A = mass number which is equal to the total number of protons + number of neutrons, Z = atomic number of any element which is also indicates Number of protons or number of electrons in the given atom.

The elements of this group 2 or 2A are also known as alkaline earth metals. The elements of this group are following:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{ Elements Electronic configuration (}\text{n}{\text{s}}^2\text{)}\\ \text{Beryllium (Be) 2}{\text{s}}^2\\ \text{Magnesium (Mg) 3}{\text{s}}^2\\ \text{Calcium (Ca) 4}{\text{s}}^2\\ \text{Strontium (Sr) 5}{\text{s}}^2\\ \text{Barium (Ba) 6}{\text{s}}^2\\ \text{Radium (Ra) 7}{\text{s}}^2\end{array}$

Therefore, according to periodic table, the atomic symbol for strontium is ${}_{38}^{88}\text{Sr}$. Here, atomic number is 38, mass number is 88 and it is a metal.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine the chemical symbol, atomic number and group number of iodine and to specify if it is metal, non-metal or metalloid.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic table is arrangement of different elements with the help of columns and rows in order to characterize elements with similar properties in same groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halides, noble gases, transition elements etc. In the periodic table, columns represent groups and rows represents periods.

Element:

An element is a simplest type of a pure substance which is composed of only one type of matter. For examples; silver, gold platinum etc.

Metal:

Metals are hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile. They are good conductor of heat and electricity. They are located to the left of the periodic table.

Metalloid:

Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. They are in the middle of the periodic table.

Non-metal:

A non-metal has no lustre, with poor electrical and thermal conductivity. They are in right side of the periodic table

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level is known as valence electron. Number of valence electrons can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The chemical symbol of iodine is ${}_{53}^{127}\text{I}$. It is non-metal.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic symbol notation is as follows:

${\text{Atomic Symbol}}^{\text{Charge},+/-}$

Here A = mass number which is equal to the total number of protons + number of neutrons, Z = atomic number of any element which is also indicates Number of protons or number of electrons in the given atom.

The elements of group 17 or17 A are also known as the halogens. The elements of this group are following:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Elements Electronic configuration (}\text{n}{\text{s}}^2\text{)}\\ \text{Fluorine (F) 2}{\text{s}}^2\text{ 2}{\text{p}}^5\\ \text{Chlorine (Cl) 3}{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^5\\ \text{Bromine (Br) 4}{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^5\\ \text{Iodine (I) 5}{\text{s}}^{2}5{\text{p}}^5\end{array}$

Thus, chemical symbol for iodine is ${}_{53}^{127}\text{I}$. Here, 127 is mass number and 53 is atomic number. It is a non-metal in the periodic table.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine the chemical symbol, atomic number and group number of silicon and to specify if it is metal, non-metal or metalloid.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic table is arrangement of different elements with the help of columns and rows in order to characterize elements with similar properties in same groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halides, noble gases, transition elements etc. In the periodic table, columns represent groups and rows represents periods.

Element:

An element is a simplest type of a pure substance which is composed of only one type of matter. For examples; silver, gold platinum etc.

Metal:

Metals are hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile. They are good conductor of heat and electricity. They are located to the left of the periodic table.

Metalloid:

Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. They are in the middle of the periodic table.

Non-metal:

A non-metal has no lustre, with poor electrical and thermal conductivity. They are in right side of the periodic table

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level is known as valence electron. Number of valence electrons can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The chemical symbol of silicon is ${}_{14}^{28}\text{Si}$. It is a non-metal.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic symbol notation is as follows:

${\text{Atomic Symbol}}^{\text{Charge},+/-}$

Here A = mass number which is equal to the total number of protons + number of neutrons, Z = atomic number of any element which is also indicates Number of protons or number of electron in the given atom.

The elements of this group 14 are also known as carbon family. The elements of this group are following:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Elements Electronic configuration (}\text{n}{\text{s}}^2\text{n}{\text{p}}^2\text{)}\\ \text{Carbon (C) 2}{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^2\\ \text{Silicon (Si) 3}{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^2\\ \text{Germanium (Ge) 4}{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^2\\ \text{Tin (Sn) 5}{\text{s}}^{2}5{\text{p}}^2\\ \text{Lead (Pb) 6}{\text{s}}^{2}6{\text{p}}^2\\ \text{Flerovium (Fl) 7}{\text{s}}^{2}7{\text{p}}^2\end{array}$

Thus, atomic symbol for silicon is ${}_{14}^{28}\text{Si}$. Here, 28 is mass number and 14 is atomic number. It is a non-metal in the periodic table.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine the chemical symbol, atomic number and group number of caesium and to specify if it is metal, non-metal or metalloid.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic table is arrangement of different elements with the help of columns and rows in order to characterize elements with similar properties in same groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halides, noble gases, transition elements etc. In the periodic table, columns represent groups and rows represents periods.

Element:

An element is a simplest type of a pure substance which is composed of only one type of matter. For examples; silver, gold platinum etc.

Metal:

Metals are hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile. They are good conductor of heat and electricity. They are located to the left of the periodic table.

Metalloid:

Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. They are in the middle of the periodic table.

Non-metal:

A non-metal has no lustre, with poor electrical and thermal conductivity. They are in right side of the periodic table

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level is known as valence electron. Number of valence electrons can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The chemical symbol of caesium is ${}_{55}^{133}\text{Ce}$. It is a metal.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic symbol notation is as follows:

${\text{Atomic Symbol}}^{\text{Charge},+/-}$

Here A = mass number which is equal to the total number of protons + number of neutrons, Z = atomic number of any element which is also indicates Number of protons or number of electrons in the given atom.

The elements of this group 1 or IA are also known as alkali metals. The elements of this group are following:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{ Elements Electronic configuration (}\text{n}{\text{s}}^1\text{)}\\ \text{Hydrogen (H) 1}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Lithium (Li) 2}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Sodium (Na) 3}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Potassium (K) 4}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Rubidium (Rb) 5}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Caesium (Cs) 6}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Francium (Fr) 7}{\text{s}}^1\end{array}$

Therefore, the atomic symbol for caesium is${}_{55}^{133}\text{Ce}$ here, 133 is mass number and 55 is atomic number. It is a metal.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine the chemical symbol, atomic number and group number of sulphur and to specify if it is metal, non-metal or metalloid.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic table is arrangement of different elements with the help of columns and rows in order to characterize elements with similar properties in same groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halides, noble gases, transition elements etc. In the periodic table, columns represent groups and rows represents periods.

Element:

An element is a simplest type of a pure substance which is composed of only one type of matter. For examples; silver, gold platinum etc.

Metal:

Metals are hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile. They are good conductor of heat and electricity. They are located to the left of the periodic table.

Metalloid:

Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. They are in the middle of the periodic table.

Non-metal:

A non-metal has no lustre, with poor electrical and thermal conductivity. They are in right side of the periodic table

Valence electron: The electrons which are present in the outer most energy level is known as valence electron. Number of valence electrons can be calculated by the group number of the element. Generally, the group number is same as the valance electrons of any elements.

Answer to Problem 53QAP

The chemical symbol of sulphur is ${}_{16}^{32}\text{S}$. It is a non-metal.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic symbol notation is as follows:

${\text{Atomic Symbol}}^{\text{Charge},+/-}$

Here A = mass number which is equal to the total number of protons + number of neutrons, Z = atomic number of any element which is also indicates Number of protons or number of electrons in the given atom.

The elements of this group 16 are also known as oxygen family. The elements of this group are following:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Elements Electronic configuration (}\text{n}{\text{s}}^2\text{n}{\text{p}}^4\text{)}\\ \text{Oxygen }(\text{O) }2{\text{s}}^{2}2{\text{p}}^4\\ \text{Sulfur }(\mathrm{S<mo\; stretchy="false">)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mn>3</mn><msup><mtext>s</mtext><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>3</mn><msup><mtext>p</mtext><mn>4</mn></msup><mtext> </mtext>}\\ \text{Selenium }(\text{Se) }4{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^4\\ \text{Tellurium (Te) }5{\text{s}}^{2}5{\text{p}}^4\\ \text{Polonium }(\text{Po})6{\text{s}}^{2}6{\text{p}}^4\end{array}$

Thus, the atomic symbol for sulphur is ${}_{16}^{32}\text{S}$ here, 32 is mass number and 16 is atomic number. It is a non-metal.