Chapter 4, Problem 4.71EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element loses electrons and how many electrons are lost per atom in an ionic compound ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

• The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.
• The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.
• The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.
• Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.
• For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.
• The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine which element gains electrons and how many electrons are gained per atom in an ionic compound ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

• The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.
• The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.
• The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.
• Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.
• For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.
• The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on positive ions present in an ionic compound ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

• The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.
• The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.
• The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.
• Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.
• For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.
• The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the identity and charge on negative ions present in an ionic compound ${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}\text{S}$.

Concept Introduction:

The electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom are known as valence electrons.

Valency electrons are important because:

• The valence electrons decide the reactivity of an element.
• The valence electrons decide the manner in which an atom forms a bond with another atom.
• The valence electron in an atom decides the combining capacity of the element.
• Except inner transition elements valence electrons are present in s or p subshells of elements.
• For inner transition elements incompletely filled d or f subshells electrons are considered as valence electrons.
• The group number is similar to number of valence electrons of an atom.