Chapter 4, Problem 4.34EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical symbol for the period 2 ion with one more proton than electrons is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Atoms are composed of three types of particles called subatomic particles.  They are as follows:

• Protons: Positively charged particles in an atom.
• Neutrons: Neutral charged particles in an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles in an atom.

The neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons.  Gaining or loosing of electrons of an atom form ion.

Negative charged ions are formed by gaining one or more electrons and it has more electrons than protons.

Positive charged ions are formed by losing one or more electrons and it has more protons than electrons.

The period 2 elements are as follows – Lithium($\text{Li}$), Beryllium($\text{Be}$), Boron ($\text{B}$), Carbon ($\text{C}$), nitrogen($\text{N}$), fluorine($\text{F}$) and Neon($\text{Ne}$).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical symbol for the period 2 ion with one fewer proton than electrons is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Atoms are composed of three types of particles called subatomic particles.  They are as follows:

• Protons: Positively charged particles in an atom.
• Neutrons: Neutral charged particles in an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles in an atom.

The neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons.  Gaining or loosing of electrons of an atom form ion.

Negative charged ions are formed by gaining one or more electrons and it has more electrons than protons.

Positive charged ions are formed by losing one or more electrons and it has more protons than electrons.

The period 2 elements are as follows – Lithium($\text{Li}$), Beryllium($\text{Be}$), Boron ($\text{B}$), Carbon ($\text{C}$), nitrogen($\text{N}$), fluorine($\text{F}$) and Neon($\text{Ne}$).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical symbol for the period 2 ion with three fewer protons than electrons is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Atoms are composed of three types of particles called subatomic particles.  They are as follows:

• Protons: Positively charged particles in an atom.
• Neutrons: Neutral charged particles in an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles in an atom.

The neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons.  Gaining or loosing of electrons of an atom form ion.

Negative charged ions are formed by gaining one or more electrons and it has more electrons than protons.

Positive charged ions are formed by losing one or more electrons and it has more protons than electrons.

The period 2 elements are as follows – Lithium($\text{Li}$), Beryllium($\text{Be}$), Boron ($\text{B}$), Carbon ($\text{C}$), nitrogen($\text{N}$), fluorine($\text{F}$) and Neon($\text{Ne}$).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical symbol for the period 2 ion with four more protons than electrons is to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Atoms are composed of three types of particles called subatomic particles.  They are as follows:

• Protons: Positively charged particles in an atom.
• Neutrons: Neutral charged particles in an atom.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles in an atom.

The neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons.  Gaining or loosing of electrons of an atom form ion.

Negative charged ions are formed by gaining one or more electrons and it has more electrons than protons.

Positive charged ions are formed by losing one or more electrons and it has more protons than electrons.

The period 2 elements are as follows – Lithium($\text{Li}$), Beryllium($\text{Be}$), Boron ($\text{B}$), Carbon ($\text{C}$), nitrogen($\text{N}$), fluorine($\text{F}$) and Neon($\text{Ne}$).