Chapter 4, Problem 4.18EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis symbols for elements with the electronic configuration ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{1}}$ has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis symbol:

A Lewis symbol is a pictorial representation of an element surrounded by dots indicating number of electrons in the outer energy level.  The group number of the element indicates number of valence electrons.

By using an electron configuration of an atom, we can draw its Lewis symbol by drawing the chemical symbol of the element surrounded by the appropriate number of valence electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis symbols for elements with the electronic configuration ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{1}}$ has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis symbol:

 A Lewis symbol is a pictorial representation of an element surrounded by dots indicating number of electrons in the outer energy level.  The group number of the element indicates number of valence electrons.

By using an electron configuration of an atom, we can draw its Lewis symbol by drawing the chemical symbol of the element surrounded by the appropriate number of valence electrons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis symbols for elements with the electronic configuration. ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^3$ has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis symbol:

A Lewis symbol is a pictorial representation of an element surrounded by dots indicating number of electrons in the outer energy level.  The group number of the element indicates number of valence electrons.

By using an electron configuration of an atom, we can draw its Lewis symbol by drawing the chemical symbol of the element surrounded by the appropriate number of valence electrons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis symbols for elements with the electronic configuration. ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^{\text{10}}{\text{4p}}^5$ has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis symbol:

 A Lewis symbol is a pictorial representation of an element symbol surrounded by dots indicating number of electrons in the outer energy level.  The group number of the element indicates number of valence electrons.

By using an electron configuration of an atom, we can draw its Lewis symbol by drawing the chemical symbol of the element surrounded by the appropriate number of valence electrons.