Chapter 4, Problem 4.152P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ratio of ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ to $\text{CO}$ molecules in the exhaust is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A combustion reaction is a reaction in which reactant is reacted with molecular oxygen to form the product. Heat is released and the energy is produced in the reaction. Molecular oxygen is employed as an oxidizing agent in these reactions.

Amount(mol) of excess reactant is reactant left after the formation of the maximum amount(mol) of products.

The formula to calculate moles is as follows:

  $\text{Amount}\left(\text{mol}\right)=\frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}}$        (1)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mass ratio of ${\text{CO}}_2$ to $\text{CO}$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Stoichiometry of a reaction is utilized to determine the amount of any species in the reaction by the relationship between the reactants and products.

Consider the general reaction,

$\text{A}+2\text{B}\to 3\text{C}$

One mole of $\text{A}$ reacts with two moles of $\text{B}$ to produce three moles of $\text{C}$. The stoichiometric ratio between A and B is 1:2, the stoichiometric ratio between A and C is 1:3 and the stoichiometric ratio between B and C is 2:3.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The percentage of the gasoline must form $\text{CO}$ for the mass ratio of ${\text{CO}}_2$ to $\text{CO}$ to be exactly $\text{1/1}$ is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The mass ratio is the fraction of the mass of two components present in the system. The mass ratio of two component A to B is expressed as follows:

  $\text{Mass ratio=}\left(\frac{\text{Mass of component A}}{\text{Mass of component B}}\right)$